ArticleAnnals of general psychiatry2020
The reliability, validity and factorial structure of the Swahili version of the 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) among adults living with HIV from Kilifi, Kenya.
Article in Annals of general psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
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65 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- PRECISE-DYAD: a prospective cohort study linking maternal and infant health trajectories in sub-Saharan Africa.BMJ open · 2026Observational
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- Long-Acting HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Preferences Through Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period Among Women in Kenya: A Latent Transition Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Experienced Stigma Related to Common Mental Illness and Alcohol Use Disorder in Rural Uganda: A Qualitative Study.SSM. Mental health · 2026Article
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- Determinants of Quality of Life and Mental Health in Kenyan Psoriasis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the Kenyan Psoriasis Registry.Journal of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis · 2026Article
- Establishment of the Kenyan Psoriasis Registry: A Case-Control Cohort.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Longitudinal assessment of changes in hair cortisol levels and associations with violence, poor mental health and harmful substance use among female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of depression and anxiety among patients enrolled in palliative care: The Case of a palliative care program in Neno District, Malawi.Palliative care and social practice · 2026Article
- Feasibility, acceptability and initial efficacy of a community-based mental health literacy program delivered by civil society organizations among adults in Kenya: A quasi-experimental study.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Depressive and anxiety symptomatology among caregivers of children 0-3 years in Nairobi City County: Community-based prevalence study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Generalized and COVID-19 related anxiety among Tanzanian adolescents with HIV and association with HIV outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Cohort Profile: PRECISE-DYAD: a prospective cohort study linking maternal and infant health trajectories in sub-Saharan Africa.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Validation of Shona Symptom Questionnaire (SSQ-14), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) in Unguja Island, Zanzibar.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Point prevalence and incidence of depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms among women attending antenatal clinics, a longitudinal study among adolescent mothers in Mwanza Tanzania.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
- Depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms among adolescent pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Mwanza Tanzania.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of anxiety symptoms in a Ugandan population sample and psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7) in Luganda and Runyoro.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis preferences among pregnant and postpartum women in Kenya: results from a discrete choice experiment.AJOG global reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence and correlates of depressive and anxiety symptoms among pregnant women from an urban informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya: a community-based cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGeneralized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is under-investigated in people living with HIV/AIDS from sub-Saharan Africa. In part, this is due to paucity of culturally appropriate measures for GAD which are psychometrically robust. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability, factorial structure, and validity of Swahili version of the 7-item GAD questionnaire (GAD-7) among adults living with HIV. STUDY
designDescriptive cross-sectional study.
methods450 adults receiving comprehensive care from an HIV specialized clinic in Kilifi County, coastal Kenya, were consecutively recruited. Swahili versions of GAD-7, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and a 12-item HIV stigma scale were administered alongside measures of psychosocial and health-related characteristics. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, factorial structure, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of Swahili GAD-7 were examined using Cronbach's alpha (
resultsInternal consistency of Swahili GAD-7 was good,
conclusionGAD-7 Swahili version retained its original unidimensional latent structure with good psychometric properties among adults living with HIV from Kilifi, Kenya. It can be used to identify symptoms of GAD in similar research settings. However, to confidently identify those in need of mental health treatment or referral services in HIV primary care clinics, more research on the validity of Swahili GAD-7 is needed especially its discriminant validity and diagnostic accuracy at different cut-off scores.
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