ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2020
Potent Restriction of Sexual Zika Virus Infection by the Lipid Fraction of Extracellular Vesicles in Semen.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heterogeneity in semen-mediated tolerogenic responses: defining immunological determinants of reproductive compatibility.Human reproduction open · 2026Article
- Role of Seminal Exosomes in Reproduction.Journal of cellular physiology · 2025Review
- Dual Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Orchestrators of Emerging and Reemerging Virus Infections.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in arbovirus infections: from basic biology to potential clinical applications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Effects of Ellagic Acid on Vaginal Innate Immune Mediators and HPV16 Infection In Vitro.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The role of small extracellular vesicles in spreading and inhibiting arthropod-borne diseases.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2024Review
- Article
- Association Between Prolonged Shedding of Zika Virus in Human Semen and Male Reproductive Tract Inflammation.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Chikungunya Virus Shedding in Semen: A Case Series.Viruses · 2022Article
- Interferon Epsilon Signaling Confers Attenuated Zika Replication in Human Vaginal Epithelial Cells.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Viral tropism for the testis and sexual transmission.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- HIV-infection and cocaine use regulate semen extracellular vesicles proteome and miRNAome in a manner that mediates strategic monocyte haptotaxis governed by miR-128 network.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Article
- Novel devices for isolation and detection of bacterial and mammalian extracellular vesicles.Mikrochimica acta · 2021Review
- HSV-2 Infection Enhances Zika Virus Infection of Primary Genital Epithelial Cells Independently of the Known Zika Virus Receptor AXL.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Extracellular Vesicles Regulated by Viruses and Antiviral Strategies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sexual Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission from men to women occurs less frequently than the often-detected high viral loads in semen would suggest, but worries that this transmission route predisposes to fetal damage in pregnant women remain. To better understand sexual ZIKV pathogenesis, we studied the permissiveness of the human female genital tract to infection and the effect of semen on this process. ZIKV replicates in vaginal tissues and primary epithelial cells from the vagina, ectocervix, and endocervix and induces an innate immune response, but also continues to replicate without cytopathic effect. Infection of genital cells and tissues is strongly inhibited by extracellular vesicles (EV) in semen at physiological vesicle-to-virus ratios. Liposomes with the same composition as semen EVs also impair infection, indicating that the EV's lipid fraction, rather than their protein or RNA cargo, is responsible for this anti-viral effect. Thus, EVs in semen potently restrict ZIKV transmission, but the virus propagates well once infection in the recipient mucosa has been established.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.