ArticleLife sciences2021
Short-term high-dose gavage of hydroxychloroquine changes gut microbiota but not the intestinal integrity and immunological responses in mice.
Article in Life sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of hydroxychloroquine in primary glomerular disease - a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current evidence.BMC nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- Association between systemic lupus erythematosus and disruption of gut microbiota: a meta-analysis.Lupus science & medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Deciphering whipple's disease complexity.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- [Effects and Mechanisms of Yangyin Yiqi Huoxue Formula on the Oral Microecology in Sjögren's Syndrome Model Mice].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2025Article
- The crosstalk between MiRNAs and autophagy in leukemia: mechanisms and therapeutic insights.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- The Complex Role of Gut Microbiota in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis: From Pathogenetic Factor to Therapeutic Target.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Exploring the Complex Relationship Between Microbiota and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Current rheumatology reports · 2023Review
- Involvement of Gut Microbiota in SLE and Lupus Nephritis.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Impact of COVID-19 and Antibiotic Treatments on Gut Microbiome: A Role forBiomedicines · 2022Article
- Alterations in gut microbiota and metabolites associated with altitude-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats during hypobaric hypoxia challenge.Science China. Life sciences · 2022Article
- Proton pump inhibitors induce changes in the gut microbiome composition of systemic lupus erythematosus patients.BMC microbiology · 2022Article
- Importance of gut microbiome regulation for the prevention and recovery process after SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viral infection (Review).Biomedical reports · 2022Review
- Gut Microbiome-Targeted Modulations Regulate Metabolic Profiles and Alleviate Altitude-Related Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- The contribution of gut-brain axis to development of neurological symptoms in COVID-19 recovered patients: A hypothesis and review of literature.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Gut Microbes in Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Emerging story of gut dysbiosis in spondyloarthropathy: From gastrointestinal inflammation to spondyloarthritis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- The Role of Diet in Influencing the Diversity of Gut Microbiome Related to Lupus Disease Activities: A Systematic Review.International journal of microbiology · 2022Review
- COVID-19 and gastroenteric manifestations.World journal of clinical cases · 2021Review
- SARS-CoV-2 infection, gut dysbiosis, and heterogeneous clinical results of hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 therapy-Is there a link?Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2021Article
- Gut Microbiota-Medication Interaction in Rheumatic Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsHydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a widely used antimalarial drug, is proposed to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, no report is currently available regarding the direct effects of HCQ on gut microbiota, which is associated with the outcomes of elderly patients with COVID-19. Here, we first investigated the effects of HCQ on intestinal microecology in mice. MAIN
methodsFifteen female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups: HCQ group (n = 10) and control group (n = 5). Mice in the HCQ group were administered with HCQ at dose of 100 mg/kg by gavage daily for 14 days. The feces of mice were collected before and on the 7th and 14th days after HCQ challenge, and then analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. At the end of the experiment, the hematology, serum biochemistry and cytokines were determined, respectively. The mRNA expression of tight junction proteins in colonic tissues were also studied by RT-PCR. KEY
findingsHCQ challenge had no effects on the counts of white blood cells, the levels of serum cytokines, and the gene expression of tight junction proteins in colon. HCQ also did not increase the content of serum d-lactate in mice. Notably, HCQ significantly decreased the diversity of gut microbiota, increased the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes whereas decreased that of Firmicutes. SIGNIFICANCE: Short-term high dose HCQ challenge changes gut microbiota but not the intestinal integrity and immunological responses in mice. Special attention should be paid to the effects of HCQ on intestinal microecology in future clinical use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.