ArticleClinical rehabilitation2021
Stroke impairment categories: A new way to classify the effects of stroke based on stroke-related impairments.
Article in Clinical rehabilitation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in restoring lower limb motor function after stroke.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review of physical therapy rehabilitation for stroke survivors in Arab countries and Saudi Arabia: current approaches and future challenges.Saudi medical journal · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with gait-oriented motor training on disability, quality of life, and motor function in individuals with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2025Trial
- Performance in myoelectric pattern recognition improves with transcranial direct current stimulation.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Early Occupational Therapy Intervention post-stroke (EOTIPS): A randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2024Trial
- Comparing cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance and motivational interviewing in stroke rehabilitation: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial.The British journal of occupational therapy · 2026Article
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- Economic evaluations of outpatient stroke rehabilitation models: a systematic review of evidence, methods, and gaps.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Older Adults' Experiences of Commercial Virtual Reality for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Mixed-Methods Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Feasibility and User Experience of Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Rehabilitation in Patients With Stroke: Single-Arm Pretest-Posttest Pilot Study.JMIR serious games · 2026Article
- Factors associated with stroke among patients with hypertension in Eastern Ethiopia: a case-control study.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Corticomuscular coherence and its non-invasive modulation in stroke applications: a narrative review.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Article
- Post-stroke facial palsy: Prevalence, recovery patterns within the first 7 days, risk factors, and effect of hyperacute treatments.Clinical rehabilitation · 2026Article
- The Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Interventions for Improving Leisure Participation Following Stroke: Protocol for a Systematic Review.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Review
- Effect of dual-task exercises on balance, risk for fall and activities of daily living dependency of patients with stroke: a quasi-experimental study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Article
- Gait Characteristics in Acute Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Measured with Accelerometers.Restorative neurology and neuroscience · 2025Article
- Development of a Customizable Web-Based Dashboard for Remote Blood Pressure Monitoring: Feasibility and Usability Implementation Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Psychometric assessment of the translated and culturally adapted Chinese (Cantonese) of the brief memory and executive test in people with stroke.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo create a classification system based on stroke-related impairments. DATA SOURCE: All adults with stroke admitted for at least 72 hours in England, Wales and Northern Ireland from July 2013 to July 2015 extracted from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme. ANALYSIS: Impairments were defined using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores at admission. Common combinations of impairments were identified based on geometric coding and expert knowledge. Validity of the classification was assessed using standard descriptive statistics to report and compare patients' characteristics, therapy received and outcomes in each group.
resultsData from 94,905 patients were extracted. The items of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (on admission) were initially grouped into four body systems: Cognitive, Motor, Sensory and Consciousness. Seven common combinations of these impairments were identified (in order of stroke severity); Patients with Loss of Consciousness (
conclusionsA classification system of seven Stroke Impairment Categories has been presented.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.