SynthesisResuscitation2020
Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Resuscitation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Variation in community and ambulance care processes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: A systematic review.Resuscitation · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of COVID-19-adapted guidelines using different airway management strategies on resuscitation quality in out-of-hospital-cardiac-arrest - a randomised manikin study.BMC emergency medicine · 2023Trial
- Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Before, During, and After the Pandemic of COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Southern Italy: A Retrospective Analysis of 11,653 Cases.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Advanced Airway Practice Patterns and Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Outcomes.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Enhancing Safety and Quality of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During Coronavirus Pandemic.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Right atrium area is associated with survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a single-center cohort study.Echo research and practice · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using U.S. registry database.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests Occurring in the Workplace.Cureus · 2025Article
- Sex disparities in ICU care and outcomes after cardiac arrest: a Swiss nationwide analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Advancements in Public First Responder Programs for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: An Updated Literature Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Association between suicide attempts and pediatric OHCA survival during the COVID-19 pandemic: Japanese cohort study.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Interaction Effects Between COVID-19 Outbreak and Fever on Mortality Among OHCA Patients Visiting Emergency Departments.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Observational
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on primary care for hypertension in the UK: a population-based cohort study.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Article
- Social determinants of health and their associations with outcomes in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A national study of the NEMSIS database.Resuscitation plus · 2024Article
- RAndomized Cluster Evaluation of Cardiac ARrest Systems (RACE-CARS) trial: Study rationale and design.American heart journal · 2024Article
- Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes' determinants: an Italian retrospective cohort study based on Lombardia CARe.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIn addition to the directly attributed mortality, COVID-19 is also likely to increase mortality indirectly. In this systematic review, we investigate the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 on out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.
methodsWe searched PubMed, BioMedCentral, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies comparing out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occurring during the pandemic and a non-pandemic period. Risk of bias was assessed with the ROBINS-I tool. The primary endpoint was return of spontaneous circulation. Secondary endpoints were bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation, survival to hospital discharge, and survival with favourable neurological outcome.
resultsWe identified six studies. In two studies, rates of return of spontaneous circulation and survival to hospital discharge decreased significantly during the pandemic. Especially in Europe, bystander-witnessed cases, bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation and resuscitation attempted by emergency medical services were reduced during the pandemic. Also, ambulance response times were significantly delayed across all studies and patients presenting with non-shockable rhythms increased in two studies. In 2020, 3.9-5.9% of tested patients were SARS-CoV-2 positive and 4.8-26% had suggestive symptoms (fever and cough or dyspnoea).
conclusionsOut-of-hospital cardiac arrests had worse short-term outcomes during the pandemic than a non-pandemic period suggesting direct effects of COVID-19 infection and indirect effects from lockdown and disruption of healthcare systems. Patients at high risk of deterioration should be identified outside the hospital to promptly initiate treatment and reduce fatalities. Study registration PROSPERO CRD42020195794.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.