ArticleJournal of sport and health science2021
Impaired eye tracking is associated with symptom severity but not dynamic postural control in adolescents following concussion.
Article in Journal of sport and health science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Ability of Vestibular and Oculomotor Screenings to Predict Recovery in Patients After Concussion: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of athletic training · 2024Pooled it
- Collection of the digital data from the neurological examination.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Effects of recent cannabis consumption on eye-tracking and pupillometry.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Headers and concussions in elite female and male football: a pilot study.South African journal of sports medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of the study was to (1) examine the relationship between self-reported symptoms and concussion-related eye tracking impairments, and (2) compare gait performance between (a) adolescents with a concussion who have normal eye tracking, (b) adolescents with a concussion who have abnormal eye tracking, and (c) healthy controls.
methodsA total of 30 concussed participants (age: 14.4 ± 2.2 years, mean ± SD, 50% female) and 30 controls (age: 14.2 ± 2.2 years, 47% female) completed eye tracking and gait assessments. The BOX score is a metric of pupillary disconjugacy, with scores <10 classified as normal and ≥10 abnormal. Symptoms were collected using the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), and gait speed was measured with triaxial inertial measurement units. We conducted a linear regression to examine the relationship between PCSS and BOX scores and a two-way mixed effects analysis of variance to examine the effect of group (abnormal BOX, normal BOX, and healthy control) on single- and dual-task gait speed.
resultsThere was a significant association between total PCSS score and BOX score in the concussion group (β = 0.16, p = 0.004, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.06‒0.27), but not in the control group (β = 0.21, p = 0.08, 95%CI: -0.03 to 0.45). There were no significant associations between PCSS symptom profiles and BOX scores in the concussion or control groups. There were also no significant differences in single-task (Abnormal: 1.00 ± 0.14 m/s; Normal: 1.11 ± 0.21 m/s; Healthy: 1.14 ± 0.18 m/s; p = 0.08) or dual-task (Abnormal: 0.77 ± 0.15 m/s; Normal: 0.84 ± 0.21 m/s; Healthy: 0.90 ± 0.18 m/s; p = 0.16) gait speed.
conclusionThe concussed group with impaired eye tracking reported higher total symptom severity, as well as worse symptom severity across the 5 PCSS symptom domain profiles. However, eye tracking deficits did not appear to be driven by any particular symptom domain. While not statistically significant, the slower gait speeds in those with abnormal BOX scores may still be clinically relevant since gait-related impairments may persist beyond clinical recovery.
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