ArticleJournal of neuroscience methods2021
A vapor exposure method for delivering heroin alters nociception, body temperature and spontaneous activity in female and male rats.
Article in Journal of neuroscience methods, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Persistent effects of repeated adolescent and adult heroin vapor inhalation in female Wistar rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Impact of sex on heroin intravenous self-administration by heterogeneous stock rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Impact of Sex on Heroin Intravenous Self-Administration by Heterogeneous Stock Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Enhancing translation: A need to leverage complex preclinical models of addictive drugs to accelerate substance use treatment options.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Review
- Adult Consequences of Repeated Nicotine Vapor Inhalation in Adolescent Rats.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Adult consequences of repeated nicotine and ΔPsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Hyperactivity Induced By Vapor Inhalation of Nicotine in Male and Female Rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Rats chasing the dragon: A new heroin inhalation method.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2024Article
- Nicotine, THC, and Dolutegravir Modulate E-Cigarette-Induced Changes in Addiction- and Inflammation-Associated Genes in Rat Brains and Astrocytes.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Extended access to fentanyl vapor self-administration leads to addiction-like behaviors in mice: Blood chemokine/cytokine levels as potential biomarkers.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- The long-term effects of repeated heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence on measures of nociception and anxiety-like behavior in adult Wistar rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Reinforcing effects of fentanyl and sufentanil aerosol puffs in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Effects of combined THC and heroin vapor inhalation in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Female rats self-administer heroin by vapor inhalation.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe ongoing crisis related to non-medical use of opioids makes it of continued importance to understand the risk factors for opioid addiction, the behavioral and neurobiological consequences of opioid exposure and to seek potential avenues for therapy. Pre-clinical rodent models have been critical to advancing understanding of opioid consequences for decades, but have been mostly limited to drug delivery by injection or by oral dosing. Inhalation, a significant route for many human users, has not been as well-established.
methodWe adapted an e-cigarette based exposure system, previously shown efficacious for delivery of other drugs to rats, to deliver heroin vapor. Effectsin vivo were assessed in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats using a warm-water assay for anti-nociception and an implanted radiotelemetry system for evaluating changes in body temperature and spontaneous activity rate.
resultsInhalation of vapor created by heroin 100 mg/mL in the propylene glycol (PG) vehicle significantly slowed tail-withdrawal from a 52 °C water bath, bi-phasically altered activity, and increased temperature in male and female rats. Inhalation of heroin 50 mg/mL for 15 min produced significant effects, as the lower bound on efficacy, whereas inhalation of heroin 100 mg/mL for 30 min produced robust effects across all endpoints and groups.
conclusionsThis work shows that e-cigarette devices deliver psychoactive doses of heroin to rats, using concentrations of ∼50-100 mg/mL and inhalation durations of 15-30 min. This technique may be useful to assess the health consequences of inhaled heroin and other opioid drugs.
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