ArticleEnvironmental research2021
Prenatal metal mixtures and fetal size in mid-pregnancy in the MADRES study.
Article in Environmental research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of prenatal metal exposures with autism-related outcomes in the ECHO cohort.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Associations of exposure to cotinine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and metal(loid) mixtures during pregnancy with birth weight: the MIEHR study.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Circulating Exosomal MicroRNA Profiles Associated with Heavy Metal Exposure and Short Stature in Children.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Associations between prenatal metal exposure, gene variants, and birth size in Taiwan Birth Panel Study.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Blood Mercury, Lead, and Cadmium in Association With Fetal Ultrasound Measures During Pregnancy in General Population of Indonesian Expectant Mothers.Environmental health insights · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to metal mixture and birth weight; a Bayesian kernel machine regression analysis of two cohort studies in Japan and Iran.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2025Article
- Association between infants' serum levels of 26 metals and gut microbiota: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers in Relation to Fetal Growth in the LIFECODES Fetal Growth Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Prenatal exposures to organophosphate ester metabolites and early motor development in the MADRES cohort.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Article
- Urinary arsenic species and birth outcomes in Tacna, Peru, 2019: a prospective cohort study.UCL open. Environment · 2024Article
- Periconceptional and Prenatal Exposure to Metals and Extracellular Vesicle and Particle miRNAs in Human Milk: A Pilot Study.Exposure and health · 2023Article
- Role of Endometrial Extracellular Vesicles in Mediating Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Uterus: A Review.Cells · 2023Review
- Prenatal Exposure to Heavy Metals and Adverse Birth Outcomes: Evidence From an E-Waste Area in China.GeoHealth · 2023Article
- Urinary fluoride levels and metal co-exposures among pregnant women in Los Angeles, California.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Article
- Prenatal exposures to organophosphate ester metabolite mixtures and children's neurobehavioral outcomes in the MADRES pregnancy cohort.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2023Article
- Epidemiologic Advances Generated by the Human Health Exposure Analysis Resource Program.Current epidemiology reports · 2023Article
- Sex-specific effects of prenatal organophosphate ester (OPE) metabolite mixtures and adverse infant birth outcomes in the maternal and developmental risks from environmental and social stressors (MADRES) pregnancy cohort.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Protective role of the placental efflux transporter BCRP/ABCG2 in the relationship between prenatal cadmium exposure, placenta weight, and size at birth.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Urinary metals and maternal circulating extracellular vesicle microRNA in the MADRES pregnancy cohort.Epigenetics · 2022Article
- Joint associations among prenatal metal mixtures and nutritional factors on birth weight z-score: Evidence from an urban U.S. population.Environmental research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFetal growth is predictive of health later in life. Both toxic and essential metals influence fetal growth, but most studies have focused on these elements individually and used birth weight as an indicator of fetal growth. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of a mixture of metals on fetal size in mid-pregnancy in a predominately lower income Hispanic pregnancy cohort in Los Angeles.
methodsFor our primary analysis, we focused on six elements that have previously been associated individually with fetal size, including arsenic (As), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), and tin (Sn), measured in maternal urine samples collected in early pregnancy (median: 12.4 weeks gestation). In an exploratory analysis, we additionally included cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), antimony (Sb), and thallium (Tl). Using covariate-adjusted Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) as our main mixture modeling approach, we examined the impact of these metals on fetal biometry measures obtained between 18 and 22 weeks gestation, with a focus on estimated fetal weight (EFW).
resultsBKMR identified Mo and Ba as the mixture components that contributed most to associations with EFW. Linear associations were observed for both metals. An increase in Mo from the 25th to 75th percentile was associated with a 0.114 (95% credible interval (CI): 0.019, 0.247) SD higher EFW, equivalent to a 7.4 g difference. Similar associations were observed between Mo and the other fetal measures evaluated. In contrast, an increase in Ba from the 25th to 75th percentile was associated with a -0.076 (95% CI: 0.217, 0.066) SD lower EFW, equivalent to a 4.9 g difference. Similar inverse associations were observed for Ba in relation to abdominal circumference and biparietal diameter. BKMR also identified a possible interaction between Ba and Mo in relation to head circumference, suggesting that the positive associations between Mo and this outcome may be attenuated at high levels of Ba, which was consistent with findings from linear regression (P
conclusionsOur results suggest that Mo may promote fetal growth, while Ba and Sb may reduce fetal growth, in this population.
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