SynthesisCytokine2021
Probable positive effects of the photobiomodulation as an adjunctive treatment in COVID-19: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Cytokine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Probable Protective Effect of Photobiomodulation on the Inflammation of the Airway and Lung in COVID-19 Treatment: A Preclinical and Clinical Meta-Analysis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Pooled it
- Cardiopulmonary and hematological effects of infrared LED photobiomodulation in the treatment of SARS-COV2.Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology · 2023Trial
- Evaluation of Adjunctive Photobiomodulation (PBMT) for COVID-19 Pneumonia via Clinical Status and Pulmonary Severity Indices in a Preliminary Trial.Journal of inflammation research · 2021Trial
- Effects of Photobiomodulation on Ventilatory Mechanics and Inflammatory Response in a Rat Model of Acute Lung Injury.Journal of lasers in medical sciences · 2026Article
- Photobiomodulation therapy enhances surfactant production in premature rat lungs: a non-invasive therapeutic strategy for neonatal respiratory distress syndromes.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2025Article
- Biofunctional response of a synthetic ceramic of 99.9% tricalcium phosphate associated with a heterologous fibrin biopolymer and infrared photobiomodulation.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Treatments of COVID-19-Associated Taste and Saliva Secretory Disorders.Dentistry journal · 2023Review
- Photobiomodulation Reduces the Cytokine Storm Syndrome Associated with COVID-19 in the Zebrafish Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Light-Based Therapy: Novel Approach to Treat COVID-19.Tanaffos · 2023Review
- Review
- Psychophysical therapy and underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms for the rehabilitation of long COVID-19.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- The Clinical Effects of Laser Acupuncture on Hospitalized Patients With Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of lasers in medical sciences · 2023Article
- The anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation are mediated by cytokines: Evidence from a mouse model of inflammation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Rationale for 1068 nm Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) as a Novel, Non-Invasive Treatment for COVID-19 and Other Coronaviruses: Roles of NO and Hsp70.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Beneficial effects of infrared light-emitting diode in corticosteroid-resistant asthma.Lasers in medical science · 2022Article
- How can biophotonics help dentistry to avoid or minimize cross infection by SARS-CoV-2?Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy · 2022Review
- Whole-organ transdermal photobiomodulation (PBM) of COVID-19: A 50-patient case study.Journal of biophotonics · 2022Article
- Jian-Ti-Kang-Yi decoction alleviates poly(I:C)-induced pneumonia by inhibiting inflammatory response, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating host metabolism.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Is haem the real target of COVID-19?Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy · 2021Article
- Photobiomodulation Therapy as a Possible New Approach in COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCOVID-19, as a newly-emerged viral infection has now spread all over the world after originating in Wuhan, China. Pneumonia is the hallmark of the disease, with dyspnea in half of the patients and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in up to one -third of the cases. Pulmonary edema, neutrophilic infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine release are the pathologic signs of this disease. The anti-inflammatory effect of the photobiomodulation (PBM) has been confirmed in many previous studies. Therefore, this review study was conducted to evaluate the direct effect of PBM on the acute lung inflammation or ARDS and also accelerating the regeneration of the damaged tissues. The indirect effects of PBM on modulation of the immune system, increasing the blood flow and oxygenation in other tissues were also considered. METHODOLOGY: The databases of PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar were searched to find the relevant studies. Keywords included the PBM and related terms, lung inflammation, and COVID-19 -related signs. Studies were categorized with respect to the target tissue, laser parameters, and their results.
resultsSeventeen related papers were included in this review. All of them were in animal models. They showed that the PBM could significantly decrease the pulmonary edema, neutrophil influx, and generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), reactive oxygen species (ROS), isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2)).
conclusionOur findings revealed that the PBM could be helpful in reducing the lung inflammation and promoting the regeneration of the damaged tissue. PBM can increase the oxygenation indirectly in order to rehabilitate the affected organs. Thus, the infra-red lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are recommended in this regard.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.