ArticleAllergy2021
Immunological imprint of COVID-19 on human peripheral blood leukocyte populations.
Article in Allergy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Omics Landscape of Long COVID-A Comprehensive Systematic Review to Advance Biomarker, Target and Drug Discovery.Allergy · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis of age-dependent human T-lymphocyte homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2-mRNA Booster Vaccination Reverses Non-Responsiveness and Early Antibody Waning in Immunocompromised Patients - A Phase Four Study Comparing Immune Responses in Patients With Solid Cancers, Multiple Myeloma and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Article
- Corrected and republished from: "Clinical validation of an RSV neutralization assay and analysis of cross-sectional sera associated with 2021-2023 RSV outbreaks to investigate the immunity debt hypothesis".Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus-like Nanoparticles Pseudo-Typed with SARS-CoV-2 RBD for Vaccination Against COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- High-Dimensional Immunophenotyping of Post-COVID-19 and Post-Influenza Patients Reveals Persistent and Specific Immune Signatures After Acute Respiratory Infection.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Severe COVID-19 induces prolonged elevation of the acute-phase protein pentraxin 3.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Identification of blood immunological biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pandemic in Poland.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- T Regulatory Cell Subsets Do Not Restore for One Year After Acute COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Increased Activation Markers of Adaptive Immunity in Patients with Severe COVID-19.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Flow Cytometry-Based Measurement of Antibodies Specific for Cell Surface-Expressed Folded SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domains.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Persistent CD19Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Obesity-compromised immunity in post-COVID-19 condition: a critical control point of chronicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Elevated CD39+T-Regulatory Cells and Reduced Levels of Adenosine Indicate a Role for Tolerogenic Signals in the Progression from Moderate to Severe COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the Abdala Vaccine: Antibody and Cellular Response to the RBD Domain of SARS-CoV-2.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Natural killer cell responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in people living with HIV-1.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Dually Affect Human Th17 Cell Immune Response.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Why has the epidemiology of RSV changed during the COVID-19 pandemic?EClinicalMedicine · 2023Review
- Flow cytometry profiling of cellular immune response in COVID-19 infected, recovered and vaccinated individuals.Immunobiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSARS-CoV-2 has triggered a pandemic that is now claiming many lives. Several studies have investigated cellular immune responses in COVID-19-infected patients during disease but little is known regarding a possible protracted impact of COVID-19 on the adaptive and innate immune system in COVID-19 convalescent patients.
methodsWe used multiparametric flow cytometry to analyze whole peripheral blood samples and determined SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels against the S-protein, its RBD-subunit, and viral nucleocapsid in a cohort of COVID-19 convalescent patients who had mild disease ~10 weeks after infection (n = 109) and healthy control subjects (n = 98). Furthermore, we correlated immunological changes with clinical and demographic parameters.
resultsEven ten weeks after disease COVID-19 convalescent patients had fewer neutrophils, while their cytotoxic CD8
conclusionAcute SARS-CoV-2 infection leaves protracted beneficial (ie, activation of T cells) and potentially harmful (ie, reduction of neutrophils) imprints in the cellular immune system in addition to induction of specific antibody responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.