Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33128788›Full record

ArticleMycoses2021

Identification of Candida auris and related species by multiplex PCR based on unique GPI protein-encoding genes.

María Alvarado, Joaquín Bartolomé Álvarez, Shawn R Lockhart, Eulogio Valentín, Alba Cecilia Ruiz-Gaitán, Elena Eraso, Piet W J de Groot

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Mycoses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests forPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Diagnostic Approaches forMicroorganisms · 2025
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. TheHealth science reports · 2024
    Article
  6. First Report of the Emerging PathogenJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Raman Metabolomics ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Article
  11. The Menace ofDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. What Do We Know aboutMicroorganisms · 2021
    Review
  15. What happened to microbiological diagnosis in 2020 beyond COVID-19?Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2021
    Review
  16. International journal of molecular sciences · 2021
    Review
  17. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

María AlvaradoRegional Center for Biomedical Research, Castilla-La Mancha Science & Technology Park, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
Joaquín Bartolomé ÁlvarezComplejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
Shawn R LockhartMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Eulogio ValentínGMCA Research Unit, Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.
Alba Cecilia Ruiz-GaitánSevere Infection Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
Elena ErasoDepartamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
Piet W J de GrootRegional Center for Biomedical Research, Castilla-La Mancha Science & Technology Park, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3112-6947

Funding

European Regional Development Fund SAF2017-86188-PEuropean Regional Development Fund SBPLY/19/180501/000114European Regional Development Fund SBPLY/19/180501/000356Intramural CDC HHS CC999999Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha SBPLY/19/180501/000114Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha SBPLY/19/180501/000356Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad SAF2017-86188-P
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe pathogen Candida auris is rapidly gaining clinical importance because of its resistance to antifungal treatments and its persistence in hospital environments. Early and accurate diagnosis of C. auris infections is crucial, and however, the fungus has often been misidentified by commercial systems.

objectivesTo develop conventional and real-time PCR methods for accurate and rapid identification of C. auris and its discrimination from closely related species by exploiting the uniqueness of certain glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-modified protein-encoding genes.

methodsSpecies-specific primers for two unique putative GPI protein-encoding genes per species were designed for C. auris, C. haemulonii, C. pseudohaemulonii, C. duobushaemulonii, C. lusitaniae and C. albicans. Primers were blind tested for their specificity and efficiency in conventional and real-time multiplex PCR set-up.

resultsAll primers combinations showed excellent species specificity. In multiplex mode, correct identification was aided by different-sized amplicons for each species. Efficiency of the C. auris primers was validated using a panel of 155 C. auris isolates, including all known genetically diverse clades. In real-time multiplex PCR, different melting points of the amplicons allowed the distinction of C. auris from four related species. C. auris limit of detection was 5 CFU/reaction with a threshold value of 32. The method was also able to detect C. auris in spiked blood and serum.

conclusionsPCR identification based on unique GPI protein-encoding genes allows for accurate and rapid species identification of C. auris and related species without need for expensive equipment when applied in conventional PCR set-up.

Indexed as

Antifungal AgentsCandidaCandidiasisDNA PrimersFungal ProteinsGenes, FungalGlycosylphosphatidylinositolsHumansIndansMultiplex Polymerase Chain ReactionMycological Typing TechniquesReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionReproducibility of ResultsSpecies SpecificityAmplidioneAntifungal AgentsDNA PrimersFungal ProteinsGlycosylphosphatidylinositolsIndansCandidaCandida auriscandidosisC. haemulonii complexPCR identificationyeasts

Identifiers

PMID33128788
PMCPMC11979674

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.