SynthesisJournal of clinical immunology2021
Circulating Levels of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10, But Not Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, as Potential Biomarkers of Severity and Mortality for COVID-19: Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of clinical immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute necrotizing encephalopathy associated with COVID-19: case series and systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical efficacy and safety of interleukin-6 receptor antagonists (tocilizumab and sarilumab) in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Pooled it
- T-Cell Subsets and Interleukin-10 Levels Are Predictors of Severity and Mortality in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- The Immuno-Cardiovascular Storm of Pre-Eclampsia: Cytokine-Mediated Endothelial Injury, Thrombosis, and Maternal Cardiovascular Instability.Comprehensive Physiology · 2026Review
- Acute necrotizing encephalopathy associated with COVID-19 in a pediatric patient and a systematic review.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Article
- Interleukins in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Immunopathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Evaluation of the cardiopulmonary effects of repurposed COVID-19 therapeutics in healthy rats.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cytokine profiles, genetic polymorphisms, and systemic inflammatory markers in type 1 diabetes patients with COVID-19: IL-18 a predictor of disease severity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Early detection of cytokine storm and IgG levels to predict and prevent severe COVID-19 infection.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Clinical and hemodynamic outcomes of hemoperfusion therapy for COVID-19 patients: a historical cohort study.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Impact of Delayed Centrifugation on Interleukin 6 Determination in Human Blood.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiome dysbiosis and immune activation correlate with somatic and neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 patients.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- An analysis of novel endothelial biomarkers to ascertain their role as prognostic indicators in severe COVID-19 illness.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Serum Cytokines as Predictive Biomarkers for Disease Severity in Pediatric Adenovirus Pneumonia.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Clinical, biochemical, and genetic study of TACE/TNF-α/ACE signaling pathway in pediatric COVID-19 infection.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2024Article
- Effect of Statins and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors on IL-6 Levels in COVID-19 Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: Exploring IL-6 Signaling and Cytokine-Microbiome Interactions as Emerging Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Cytokine Profiling as Predictors of Disease Severity and Survival in Unvaccinated COVID-19 Patients.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Impacts of Inflammatory Cytokines Variants on Systemic Inflammatory Profile and COVID-19 Severity.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeCytokine storm, an uncontrolled overproduction of inflammatory cytokines contributing to an aberrant systemic inflammatory response, is a major pathological feature of acute respiratory distress syndromes being severe manifestations of COVID-19, thus highlighting its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for COVID-19. We aimed to determine associations of circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines with severity and mortality of COVID-19 by systematic review and meta-analysis.
methodsA comprehensive literature search in electronic databases consisting of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library and in a hand searching of reference lists from inception to July 31, 2020, was performed using the following search terms: COVID-19, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Mean difference (MD) from individual studies was pooled using a random-effects model. Quality assessment, publication bias, meta-regression, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses were performed.
resultsA total of 6212 COVID-19 patients from 24 eligible studies were included. Compared with non-severe COVID-19 patients, systemic levels of IL-6 and IL-10, but not TNF-α, were significantly elevated in severe COVID-19 patients (MD = 18.63, 95% CI: 10.91, 26.35, P < 0.00001; MD = 2.61, 95% CI: 2.00, 2.32, P < 0.00001; respectively). For COVID-19 mortality, circulating levels of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were found to be significantly increased in non-survivors when compared with survivors (MD = 57.82, 95% CI: 10.04, 105.59, P = 0.02; MD = 4.94, 95% CI: 3.89, 6.00, P < 0.00001; MD = 5.60, 95% CI: 4.03, 7.17, P < 0.00001; respectively).
conclusionCirculating levels of IL-6 and IL-10 might have great potential as biomarkers for the disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.