ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2020
Cesarean section and risk of allergies in Ecuadorian children: A cross-sectional study.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for allergic rhinitis in preschool children: a meta-analysis and systematic review.BMC pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Cesarean section and the risk of allergic rhinitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Food allergy in preschool children in Qingdao, China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Nonelective cesarean section is associated with the prevalence of asthma among Mexican children who attended childcare centers.Asia Pacific allergy · 2024Article
- Perinatal Risk Factors for Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in Children and Adolescents.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2024Article
- Cesarean section induced dysbiosis promotes type 2 immunity but not oxazolone-induced dermatitis in mice.Gut microbes · 2023Article
- The global/local (limited to some regions) effect of cesarean delivery on the risk of pediatric allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Mode of delivery and offspring atopic dermatitis in a Swedish nationwide study.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2023Article
- Cesarean section and risk of allergies in Ecuadorian children: A cross-sectional study.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStudies have shown an association between cesarean section (CS) and increased prevalence of childhood allergic diseases. While these observations have been consistent in industrialized countries, evidence from developing countries is limited.
objectiveTo assess the association between the mode of delivery and allergic diseases in children aged 3-12 years in Quito, Ecuador.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, parents were surveyed using an anonymous, standardized questionnaire from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood project to assess the presence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies in their children. The children's age, sex, birthplace, delivery mode (CS/vaginal), socioeconomic status, and ethnicity were recorded. Other parameters included gestational age, breastfeeding, smoking status during pregnancy, and parental allergic diseases.
resultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, children delivered via CS were found to have a higher risk of wheezing (odds ratio [OR] = 4.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43-11.89), physician-diagnosed asthma (OR = 24.06; 95% CI: 1.98-292.3), and pimples, or eczema with the itching for 6 months (OR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.06-6.61) than children delivered vaginally. No association was found between the delivery mode and rhinitis or food allergies. After stratifying by socioeconomic status, CS was only associated with allergic disorders in children of medium/high socioeconomic backgrounds.
conclusionsAs seen in industrialized settings, children born by CS in nonindustrialized countries have an increased risk of developing allergic disorders including asthma and dermatitis, compared to those delivered vaginally.
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