ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2021
Review of the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Intravenous Busulfan in Paediatric Patients.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Intravenous Busulfan in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Systematic Review and Comparative Simulations.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2023Pooled it
- Refining busulfan exposure enhances pediatric ALL HSCT outcomes: insights from the International FORUM study.Blood advances · 2026Trial
- Effects of combined test dose and therapeutic drug monitoring strategy in exposure-directed busulfan.Annals of hematology · 2023Trial
- Comparing the Predictive Performance of Machine Learning Models with a Newly Developed Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Busulfan in Paediatric Patients.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026Article
- From Therapeutic Drug Monitoring to Model-Informed Precision Dosing: A Review of Busulfan Dosing Optimization in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Clinical Impact of Maximum Plasma Concentration of Busulfan in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Simulation-Based Evaluation of Busulfan Sampling Strategies in Adults and Adolescents Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Design and synthesis of benzothiazole-sulfonate conjugates targeting influenza A (H1N1) and human coronavirus HCoV-229E:RSC advances · 2026Article
- A pilot study combining primary busulfan-based haploidentical stem cell transplantation with GD2 antibody to treat high-risk neuroblastoma.Bone marrow transplantation · 2026Article
- Prediction of neutrophil nadir and recovery following paediatric haematopoietic cell transplantation with busulfan conditioning.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Comparison of outcomes of BuCy versus BuCyMel as preparation for allogeneic HSCT in infants with acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission: a multicenter study from the EBMT PDWP.Bone marrow transplantation · 2026Observational
- Association of Busulfan Exposure with Event-Free Survival in a Chinese Pediatric Cohort: A Multicenter, Prospective Cohort Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Observational
- [Effect of phenytoin and levetiracetam on busulfan blood concentration in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2025Article
- Model-Informed Precision Dosing of Busulfan for Children and Adults Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Critical Evaluation of Current PK Models and Dose Recommendations.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- Semi-mechanistic population pharmacokinetic model incorporating glutathione S-transferase activity for personalized busulfan dosing in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Association of busulfan exposure and outcomes after HCT for patients with an inborn error of immunity.Blood advances · 2024Article
- Busulfan target exposure attainment in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: a single day versus a multiday therapeutic drug monitoring regimen.Bone marrow transplantation · 2023Observational
- An exploration on retro-construction of plasma drug concentration-time curves from corresponding urine excretion data and single-point plasma concentrations using a simplified and idealized method.Translational pediatrics · 2023Article
- Precision Oncology by Point-of-Care Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Dosage Adjustment of Conventional Cytotoxic Chemotherapies: A Perspective.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We aimed to review the pharmacokinetics (PK) of intravenous busulfan in paediatric patients, identify covariate factors influencing exposure, investigate evidence of changes in PK behaviour over time, and correlate exposure with efficacy and toxicity outcomes. A literature review was undertaken of original research published between 2007 and 2019, investigating the PK and pharmacodynamics (PD) of intravenous busulfan in patients ≤ 18 years of age. The review identified 41 publications characterising the PK, and 45 publications describing the PD, of busulfan. Median typical clearance (CL) was 0.22 L/h/kg and median typical volume of distribution was 0.69 L/kg. Patient weight, age, glutathione-S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) genotype and busulfan dosing day/time were the most commonly identified factors affecting CL. Of nine studies investigating changes in CL, seven reported reduced CL over the 4-day course of treatment. Exposure monitoring methods and therapeutic targets were heterogeneous across studies. Relationships between busulfan exposure and patient outcomes were observed in five studies. One study observed a cumulative area under the concentration-time curve over all days of treatment of between 78 and 101 mg/L·h, and two studies observed an average concentration at first dose of < 600 ng/mL improved overall survival, transplant-related mortality, or relapse. One study observed increased sinusoidal obstructive syndrome with maximum busulfan concentration > 1.88 ng/mL. Patient weight, age and GSTA1 genotype are important covariates to consider when individualising busulfan therapy. Reduced busulfan CL over time may need to be accounted for, particularly in patients not receiving phenytoin co-therapy. Standardised monitoring of busulfan exposure over the entire course of treatment and further investigation of the role of busulfan metabolites and pharmacogenomics is warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.