Trial reportEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2021
Meal replacement by formula diet reduces weight more than a lifestyle intervention alone in patients with overweight or obesity and accompanied cardiovascular risk factors-the ACOORH trial.
Trial report in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meal replacements on obesity and leptin: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- The Effects of a Powdered Meal Replacement on Inflammation, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolism in People With Excess Body Weight-A Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Predictors of suboptimal glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity: insights from baseline analysis of a diabetes-specific meal replacement study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Trial
- Impact of a Low-Insulin-Stimulating Bread on Weight Development-A Real Life Randomised Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- A High-Protein and Low-Glycemic Formula Diet Improves Blood Pressure and Other Hemodynamic Parameters in High-Risk Individuals.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- High-Protein, Low-Glycaemic Meal Replacement Decreases Fasting Insulin and Inflammation Markers-A 12-Month Subanalysis of the ACOORH Trial.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Trial
- [Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Review
- Meal Replacement Provides Additional Benefits for Weight and Visceral Fat Reduction in Prediabetic Individuals: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2026Article
- Higher Levels of Serum Leptin Are Linked with a Reduction in Gait Stability: A Sex-Based Association.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- The effect of meal replacements therapy on blood pressure and C-reactive protein: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clinical hypertension · 2025Review
- The Frequency of Meal-Replacement Products Drinking and All-Cause, CVD, and Cancer Mortality.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Female obesity: clinical and psychological assessment toward the best treatment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Effectiveness of a protein-supplemented very-low-calorie diet program for weight loss: a randomized controlled trial in South Korea.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- [Obesity and type 2 diabetes (Update 2023)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAs formula diets have demonstrated to be effective in reducing weight, we hypothesised that in patients with overweight or obesity and accompanied cardiovascular risk factors, combining a liquid formula diet with a lifestyle intervention is superior in reducing weight and improving cardiovascular risk factors than lifestyle intervention alone.
methodsIn this multicenter RCT 463 participants with overweight or obesity (BMI: 27-35 kg/m²; at least one additional co-morbidity of the metabolic syndrome) were randomised (1:2) into either a control group with lifestyle intervention only (CON, n = 155) or a lifestyle intervention group including a liquid meal replacement (INT, n = 308). Both groups used telemonitoring devices (scales and pedometers), received information on healthy diet and were instructed to increase physical activity. Telemonitoring devices automatically transferred data into a personalised online portal and acquired data were discussed. INT obtained a liquid meal replacement substituting three meals/day (~1200 kcal) within the first week. During weeks 2-4, participants replaced two meals/day and during weeks 5-26 only one meal/day was substituted (1300-1500 kcal/day). Follow-up was conducted after 52 weeks. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed. Primary outcome was weight change. Secondary outcomes comprised changes in cardiometabolic risk factors including body composition and laboratory parameters.
resultsFrom the starting cohort 360 (78%, INT: n = 244; CON: n = 116) and 317 (68%, INT: n = 216; CON: n = 101) participants completed the 26-weeks intervention phase and the 52-weeks follow-up. The estimated treatment difference (ETD) between both groups was -3.2 kg [-4.0; -2.5] (P < 0.001) after 12 weeks and -1.8 kg [-2.8; -0.8] (P < 0.001) after 52 weeks.
conclusionsA low-intensity lifestyle intervention combined with a liquid meal replacement is superior regarding weight reduction and improvement of cardiovascular risk factors than lifestyle intervention alone.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.