Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33127614›Full record

ArticleArchives of disease in childhood2021

Breaking bad news: what parents would like you to know.

Marije A Brouwer, Els L M Maeckelberghe, Agnes van der Heide, Irma M Hein, Eduard A A E Verhagen

Open access · hybridAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of disease in childhood, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
9.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Parental expectations regarding the announcement of a diagnosis of a rare oral disease: a qualitative study in Marseille, France.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Hope in Pediatric Palliative Care: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Parents' perspectives on the use of statistics to convey uncertainty in the NICU: a qualitative analysis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
    Article
  8. In the end, it is the word that remains: communicating bad news in pediatric oncology.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Uncertainties in the NICU: a scoping review to inform a tailored taxonomy.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Marije A BrouwerDepartment of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands m.a.brouwer@umcg.nl.ORCID 0000-0002-5464-355X
Els L M MaeckelbergheInstitute for Medical Education, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Agnes van der HeideDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands.
Irma M HeinDepartment of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands.
Eduard A A E VerhagenDepartment of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
University Medical Center Groningen · NLAmsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam · NLErasmus MC · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveBreaking bad news about life-threatening and possibly terminal conditions is a crucial part of paediatric care for children in this situation. Little is known about how the parents of children with life-threatening conditions experience communication of bad news. The objective of this study is to analyse parents' experiences (barriers and facilitators) of communication of bad news.

designA qualitative study consisting of a constant comparative analysis of in-depth interviews conducted with parents.

settingThe Netherlands.

participantsSixty-four parents-bereaved and non-bereaved-of 44 children (aged 1-12 years, 61% deceased) with a life-threatening condition.

interventionsNone.

resultsBased on parents' experiences, the following 10 barriers to the communication of bad news were identified: (1) a lack of (timely) communication, (2) physicians' failure to ask parents for input, (3) parents feel unprepared during and after the conversation, (4) a lack of clarity about future treatment, (5) physicians' failure to voice uncertainties, (6) physicians' failure to schedule follow-up conversations, (7) presence of too many or unknown healthcare professionals, (8) parental concerns in breaking bad news to children, (9) managing indications of bad news in non-conversational contexts, and (10) parents' misunderstanding of medical terminology.

conclusionsThis study shows healthcare professionals how parents experience barriers in bad news conversations. This mainly concerns practical aspects of communication. The results provide practical pointers on how the communication of bad news can be improved to better suit the needs of parents. From the parents' perspective, the timing of conversations in which they were informed that their child might not survive was far too late. Sometimes, no such conversations ever took place.

Indexed as

BereavementBrief, Resolved, Unexplained EventChildChild, PreschoolCommunicationFemaleHumansInfantInterviews as TopicMaleNetherlandsParentsPediatricsPerceptionPhysician-Patient RelationsPhysicianscomm child healthpalliative carepatient perspectivequalitative research

Identifiers

PMID33127614
PMCPMC7907584
OpenAlexW3095579889

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.