ArticleInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2021
Cerebrospinal fluid findings in neurological diseases associated with COVID-19 and insights into mechanisms of disease development.
Article in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04775784 (Determination of SARS-Cov-2 Virus in Central Nervous System), which is not on this map. Cited by 66 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Determination of SARS-Cov-2 Virus in Central Nervous System
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Headaches and facial pain attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination: a systematic review.European journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Guillain-Barré syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis on a debated issue and evidence for the 'Italian factor'.European journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Blood Biomarkers as Prognostic Indicators for Neurological Injury in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: a systematic review of the literature.Journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in patients with COVID-19-associated central nervous system manifestations: a systematic review.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2022Pooled it
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and COVID-19: A systematic synthesis of worldwide cases.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcomes of Guillain-Barré syndrome spectrum associated with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of neurology · 2021Pooled it
- What can the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 tell us: a meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Association of Guillain-Barre syndrome with COVID-19 infection: An updated systematic review.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2021Pooled it
- Cerebrospinal fluid in COVID-19: A systematic review of the literature.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Complication and Sequelae of COVID-19: What Should We Pay Attention to in the Post-Epidemic Era.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Inflammatory Cytokine Patterns Associated with Neurological Diseases in Coronavirus Disease 2019.Annals of neurology · 2021Trial
- Multiple Sclerosis and Viruses: « Liaisons Dangereuses ».Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Nociplastic pain: the prominent role of non-neuronal cells in central and peripheral sensitization.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Clinical Features of Central Nervous System Complications Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- Central nervous system and systemic inflammatory networks associated with acute neurological outcomes in COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparison of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in patients with severe COVID-19 neurological outcomes and Alzheimer's disease.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Utility of Protein Markers in COVID-19 Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of brain neuroimaging abnormalities in COVID-19 patients and survivors.Psychoradiology · 2025Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo analyze the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and neurological manifestations to provide evidence for the understanding of mechanisms associated with central nervous system (CNS) involvement in COVID-19.
methodsPatients (n = 58) were grouped according to their main neurological presentation: headache (n = 14); encephalopathy (n = 24); inflammatory neurological diseases, including meningoencephalitis (n = 4), acute myelitis (n = 3), meningitis (n = 2), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (n = 2), encephalitis (n = 2), and neuromyelitis optica (n = 1); and Guillain-Barré syndrome (n = 6). Data regarding age, sex, cerebrovascular disease, and intracranial pressure were evaluated in combination with CSF profiles defined by cell counts, total protein and glucose levels, concentration of total Tau and neurofilament light chain (NfL) proteins, oligoclonal band patterns, and detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.
resultsCSF of patients with inflammatory neurological diseases was characterized by pleocytosis and elevated total protein and NfL levels. Patients with encephalopathy were mostly older men (mean age of 61.0 ± 17.6 years) with evidence of cerebrovascular disease. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in CSF was detected in 2 of 58 cases: a patient with refractory headache, and another patient who developed ADEM four days after onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Three patients presented intrathecal IgG synthesis, and four had identical oligoclonal bands in CSF and serum, indicating systemic inflammation.
conclusionPatients with neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 had diverse CSF profiles, even within the same clinical condition. Our findings indicate a possible contribution of viral replication on triggering CNS infiltration by immune cells and the subsequent inflammation promoting neuronal injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.