ArticleThe Journal of infection2020
Prior presumed coronavirus infection reduces COVID-19 risk: A cohort study.
Article in The Journal of infection, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Roadmap Towards the Identification and Validation of Conserved T Cell Epitope Regions in Viral Pathogen Families with Pandemic Potential.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2026Article
- Development of seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents in a longitudinal cohort study in Cebu, Philippines.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Tracking SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in frontline healthcare workers at the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic and reliability of serological laboratory interpretation: a prospective cohort study.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Interactions between zoonotic pathogens and infectious disease spread: Why understanding mechanisms and modelling matters more than ever.Biosafety and health · 2025Review
- Prepandemic levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in the general population of Barcelona.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- High transmission of endemic human coronaviruses before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents in Cebu, Philippines.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
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- Article
- A Sequent of Gram-Negative Co-Infectome-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Are Potentially Subtle Aggravators Associated to the SARS-CoV-2 Evolution of Virulence.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Symptomatic MERS-CoV infection reduces the risk of future COVID-19 disease; a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Immune imprinting and next-generation coronavirus vaccines.Nature microbiology · 2023Review
- The impact of pre-existing cross-reactive immunity on SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine responses.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- The interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with cocirculating pathogens: Epidemiological implications and current knowledge gaps.PLoS pathogens · 2023Review
- Early protective effect of a ("pan") coronavirus vaccine (PanCoVac) in Roborovski dwarf hamsters after single-low dose intranasal administration.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The role of SARS-CoV-2 N protein in diagnosis and vaccination in the context of emerging variants: present status and prospects.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Early seasonal coronavirus seroconversion did not produce cross-protective SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.The Journal of infection · 2023Article
- Review
- Differential patterns of cross-reactive antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detected for chronically ill and healthy COVID-19 naïve individuals.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Cross-reactive cellular, but not humoral, immunity is detected between OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 NPs in people not infected with SARS-CoV-2: Possible role of cTJournal of leukocyte biology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmunological cross-reactivity between common cold coronaviruses (CCC) and SARS-CoV-2 might account for the reduced incidence of COVID-19 in children. Evidence to support speculation includes in vitro evidence for humoral and cellular cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 in specimens obtained before the pandemic started.
methodWe used retrospective health insurance enrollment records, claims, and laboratory results to assemble a cohort of 869,236 insured individuals who had a PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. We estimated the effects of having clinical encounters for various diagnostic categories in the year preceding the study period on the risk of a positive test result.
findingsAfter adjusting for age, gender and care seeking behavior, we identified that individuals with diagnoses for common cold symptoms, including acute sinusitis, bronchitis, or pharyngitis in the preceding year had a lower risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 (OR=0.76, 95%CI=0.75, 0.77). No reduction in the odds of a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 was seen in individuals under 18 years. The reduction in odds in adults remained stable for four years but was strongest in those with recent common cold symptoms.
interpretationWhile this study cannot attribute this association to cross-immunity resulting from a prior CCC infection, it is one potential explanation. Regardless of the cause, the reduction in the odds of being infected by SARS-CoV-2 among those with a recent diagnosis of common cold symptoms may have a role in shifting future COVD-19 infection patterns from endemic to episodic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.