ArticleThe American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry2021
Increase in Number of Depression Symptoms Over Time is Related to Worse Cognitive Outcomes in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.
Article in The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ethnicity predicts long-term depressive symptom patterns in older adults with type 2 diabetes.International psychogeriatrics · 2025Article
- Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Comorbidities Among Elderly Diabetic Individuals in China.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Neurological and metabolic related pathophysiologies and treatment of comorbid diabetes with depression.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Decrease in Gait Speed Over Time Is Associated With Increase in Number of Depression Symptoms in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- The role of medication adherence in the association between depressive symptoms and quality of life in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Correlation analysis of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and clinical characteristics and cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus comorbid major depressive disorder.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between diabetes and cognitive performance in a community-based sample of older adults.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2022Article
- Association between depressive symptoms and diagnosis of diabetes and its complications: A network analysis in electronic health records.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Alzheimer's Disease Polygenic Risk Score Is Not Associated With Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveOlder adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at increased risk for depression, cognitive decline, and dementia compared to those without T2D. Little is known about the association of simultaneous changes in depression symptoms and cognitive decline over time.
methodsSubjects (n=1021; mean age 71.6 [SD=4.6]; 41.2% female) were initially cognitively normal participants of the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline study who underwent evaluations of depression and cognition approximately every 18 months. Cognitive tests were summarized into four cognitive domains: episodic memory, attention/working memory, executive functions, and semantic categorization. The average of the z-scores of the four domains defined global cognition. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale, 15-item version. We fit a random coefficients model of changes in depression and in cognitive functions, adjusting for baseline sociodemographic and cardiovascular variables.
resultsHigher number of depression symptoms at baseline was significantly associated with lower baseline cognitive scores in global cognition (estimate = -0.1175, SE = 0.021, DF = 1,014, t = -5.59; p < 0.001), executive functions (estimate = -0.186, SE = 0.036, DF = 1,013, t = -5.15; p = <0.001), semantic categorization (estimate = -0.155, SE = 0.029, DF = 1,008, t = -5.3; p < 0.001), and episodic memory (estimate = -0.08165, SE = 0.027, DF = 1,035, t = -2.92; p = 0.0036), but not with rate of decline in any cognitive domain. During follow-up, a larger increase in number of depression symptoms, was associated with worse cognitive outcomes in global cognition (estimate = -0.1053, SE = 0.027, DF = 1,612, t = -3.77; p = 0.0002), semantic categorization (estimate = -0.123, SE = 0.036, DF = 1,583, t = -3.36; p = 0.0008), and in episodic memory (estimate = -0.165, SE = 0.055, DF = 1,622, t = -3.02; p = 0.003), but the size of this effect was constant over time.
conclusionIn elderly with T2D, increase in depression symptoms over time is associated with parallel cognitive decline, indicating that the natural course of the two conditions progresses concurrently and suggesting common underlying mechanisms".
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.