Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33126680›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2020

Spectral Reflectance Can Differentiate Tracheal and Esophageal Tissue in the Presence of Bodily Fluids and Soot.

David Berard, Chirantan Sen, Corinne D Nawn, August N Blackburn, Kathy L Ryan, Megan B Blackburn

Open access · goldAbstract readLetter
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Journal of biomedical optics · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

David BerardTactical Combat Casualty Care Research Department, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
Chirantan SenTactical Combat Casualty Care Research Department, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
Corinne D NawnTactical Combat Casualty Care Research Department, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
August N BlackburnBlackburn Statistics, LLC, San Antonio, TX 78260, USA.
Kathy L RyanTactical Combat Casualty Care Research Department, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
Megan B BlackburnTactical Combat Casualty Care Research Department, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
United States Army Institute of Surgical Research · USBlackburn College · US

Funding

U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command D_003_2017_USAISR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Endotracheal intubation is a common life-saving procedure implemented in emergency care to ensure patient oxygenation, but it is difficult and often performed in suboptimal conditions leading to high rates of patient complications. Undetected misplacement in the esophagus is a preventable complication that can lead to fatalities in 5-10% of patients who undergo emergency intubation. End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring and other proper placement detection methods are useful, yet the problem of misplacement persists. Our previous work demonstrated the utility of spectral reflectance sensors for differentiating esophageal and tracheal tissues, which can be used to confirm proper endotracheal tube placement. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of spectral characterization in the presence of saline, blood, "vomit", and soot in the trachea. Our results show that spectral properties of the trachea that differentiate it from the esophagus persist in the presence of these substances. This work further confirms the potential usefulness of this novel detection technology in field applications.

Indexed as

Intubation, IntratrachealSootTracheaCarbon DioxideEsophagusHumansMonitoring, PhysiologicCarbon DioxideSootairway managementendotracheal tube misplacementendotracheal tube placementesophageal tissueintubationspectral reflectancetissue detectiontracheal tissue

Identifiers

PMID33126680
PMCPMC7662513
OpenAlexW3096603942

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.