ArticleMedicine2020
Higher risk of tuberculosis in combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study in South Korea.
Article in Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adverse Events in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Advanced Therapies: A Nationwide, Population-Based, Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association of Preterm Birth with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Salivary Gland Disease: Machine Learning Analysis Using National Health Insurance Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Asia has become increasingly prevalent. As a treatment of IBD, many immunomodulators and biological agents were introduced and shown to be effective in inducing and maintaining remission. However, many cases with treatment failure were reported. To overcome the failure, combination therapy of immunomodulatory and biologics have emerged, showing better outcomes by optimizing biologic pharmacokinetics and minimizing immunogenicity. Adversely, rates of tuberculosis (TB) have been increased as a result. The aim of this study is to compare the risk of TB according to the therapy using large population data.We used data from the South Korean Health Insurance and Review Agency over the period 2008-2016 and calculated the hazard ratio (HR) for TB in IBD. We compared the risk of TB according to the medication: infliximab only, azathioprine only (AZA), combination of azathioprine and infliximab (CAI), azathioprine monotherapy and infliximab monotherapy (AIM), and azathioprine and infliximab whether simultaneously or separately (AISS).In IBD patients, a total of 249 patients were identified as active TB. After one-to-one matching with age, sex and disease duration, the risks of TB were significantly higher in AZA group (HR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.35-3.12, P < .001), AIM group (HR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.18-9.05, P = .02), AISS group (HR, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.92-6.37, P < .001), and CAI group (HR, 5.67; 95% CI, 2.42-10.21, P < .001), and the HR increased gradually in this order. In UC patients, the results were in similar pattern, but this pattern was not observed in CD patients in our study.Our study shows that Korean IBD patients are at risk of TB, and the risk increases with usage of IBD medication; moreover, the risk is the highest if combination therapy is used. These results highlight the importance of screening for TB in IBD patients, especially in combination therapy.
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