ArticleJournal of experimental child psychology2021
Language difficulties are a shared risk factor for both reading disorder and mathematics disorder.
Article in Journal of experimental child psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Debating the Delphi View of Dyslexia: A Response to Metsala, Morsanyi and Colleagues.Dyslexia (Chichester, England) · 2026Article
- Associations Between Language, Speech Sound, and Learning Disorders.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Arithmetic performance in children with typical and impaired literacy skills.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Crossroads in the Learning Brain: The Neural Overlap Between Arithmetic and Phonological Processing.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- The Language of Numbers: Reading Comprehension and Applied Math Problem-Solving.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Auditory Electrophysiology of an Adolescent with Both Language and Learning Disorders.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The structure correspondence hypothesis predicts how word and sentence in language correlate with term and principle in mathematics.Cognitive processing · 2024Article
- Is Specific Learning Disorder Predicted by Developmental Language Disorder? Evidence from a Follow-Up Study on Italian Children.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Performance in decoding and writing of children with Developmental Language Disorder: preliminary data.CoDAS · 2023Article
- Autism under the umbrella of ESSENCE.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Neural correlates of sequence learning in children with developmental dyslexia.Human brain mapping · 2022Article
- Predicting Word Reading Deficits Using an App-Based Screening Tool at School Entry.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Mathematics Disability vs. Learning Disability: A 360 Degree Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Review
- Are Different Types of Learning Disorder Associated With Distinct Cognitive Functioning Profiles?Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Reading and Math Achievement in Children With Dyslexia, Developmental Language Disorder, or Typical Development: Achievement Gaps Persist From Second Through Fourth Grades.Journal of learning disabilitiesArticle
- A Register Study Suggesting Homotypic and Heterotypic Comorbidity Among Individuals With Learning Disabilities.Journal of learning disabilitiesArticle
- Comorbid Word Reading and Mathematics Computation Difficulty at Start of First Grade.Journal of learning disabilitiesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Disorders of reading and mathematics co-occur at greater than chance rates, but they are often studied separately. This article reports the reading and arithmetic outcomes at 9 years of age from a longitudinal study of 224 children at high risk for dyslexia. Using a cutoff at the 10th centile, groups of children with reading disorder (RD), mathematics disorder (MD), and comorbid reading disorder and math disorder (RD&MD) were identified. The risk of these disorders was elevated in children selected in preschool with language difficulties or at family risk for dyslexia. There was a high degree of comorbidity between RD and MD, and many cases-particularly in the comorbid group-also reached the diagnostic threshold for developmental language disorder (DLD). On measures of language, phoneme awareness, rapid automatized naming (RAN) digits, and rated inattention, there was a stepwise pattern: RD > MD > RD&MD. Poor language was associated with each disorder and appears to be a cognitive risk factor for RD, MD, and RD&MD. These findings suggest that there are shared genetic risk factors operating for both RD and MD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.