Trial reportRedox biology2021
Prediction of survival odds in COVID-19 by zinc, age and selenoprotein P as composite biomarker.
Trial report in Redox biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 176 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Metals on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Review of Recent Epidemiological Studies.Current environmental health reports · 2023Pooled it
- Selenium serum levels in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Pooled it
- Pneumolysin as a target for new therapies against pneumococcal infections: A systematic review.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on serum level of C-reactive protein in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 and Selenium Deficiency: a Systematic Review.Biological trace element research · 2022Pooled it
- Relation of Serum Copper Status to Survival in COVID-19.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- A pilot double-blind safety and feasibility randomized controlled trial of high-dose intravenous zinc in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Journal of medical virology · 2021Trial
- Evaluation of reagents for suspension-assisted total reflection X-ray fluorescence element analysis in biomedical samples.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Serum zinc level independently predicts need for inpatient intubation among patients hospitalized with COVID-19: A prospective observational study.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2026Observational
- Is dolichol pathway dysfunction a significant factor in Alzheimer's disease?Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Trace Element Deficiency in Axial Spondyloarthritis and Psoriatic Arthritis in Relation to Markers of Inflammation and Remission.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Bioanalytical Application of the Total-Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Trace Elements in Medicinal Metallomics.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Determination of Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and the Trace Element Zinc According to the Clinical Status of Patients With COVID-19.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The dynamic linkage between covid-19 and nutrition: a review from a probiotics perspective using machine learning and bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- What do we know about micronutrients in critically ill patients? A narrative review.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2025Review
- Article
- Zinc Deficiency And sTNF-RII Are Associated With Worse COVID-19 Outcomes.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Observational
- New-onset autoantibodies to selenoprotein P following severe burn injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Identifying a target group for selenium supplementation in high-risk cardiac surgery: a secondary analysis of the SUSTAIN CSX trial.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2023Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infections cause the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and challenge the immune system with ongoing inflammation. Several redox-relevant micronutrients are known to contribute to an adequate immune response, including the essential trace elements zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that COVID-19 patients are characterised by Zn deficiency and that Zn status provides prognostic information. Serum Zn was determined in serum samples (n = 171) collected consecutively from patients surviving COVID-19 (n = 29) or non-survivors (n = 6). Data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study were used for comparison. Zn concentrations in patient samples were low as compared to healthy subjects (mean ± SD; 717.4 ± 246.2 vs 975.7 ± 294.0 μg/L, P < 0.0001). The majority of serum samples collected at different time points from the non-survivors (25/34, i.e., 73.5%) and almost half of the samples collected from the survivors (56/137, i.e., 40.9%) were below the threshold for Zn deficiency, i.e., below 638.7 μg/L (the 2.5th percentile in the EPIC cohort). In view that the Se status biomarker and Se transporter selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is also particularly low in COVID-19, we tested the prevalence of a combined deficit, i.e., serum Zn below 638.7 μg/L and serum SELENOP below 2.56 mg/L. This combined deficit was observed in 0.15% of samples in the EPIC cohort of healthy subjects, in 19.7% of the samples collected from the surviving COVID-19 patients and in 50.0% of samples from the non-survivors. Accordingly, the composite biomarker (SELENOP and Zn with age) proved as a reliable indicator of survival in COVID-19 by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 94.42%. We conclude that Zn and SELENOP status within the reference ranges indicate high survival odds in COVID-19, and assume that correcting a diagnostically proven deficit in Se and/or Zn by a personalised supplementation may support convalescence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.