ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2020
Endemic and Epidemic Human Alphavirus Infections in Eastern Panama: An Analysis of Population-Based Cross-Sectional Surveys.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the potential non-human animal reservoirs and arthropod vectors of the Mayaro virus.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Encephalitic alphavirus infection induces long-term humoral and cell-mediated responses in seropositive participants from Panama.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Review
- Transmission potential of Culex and Aedes species for Madariaga virus, a member of the eastern equine encephalitis virus complex.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Investigation of neurotropic arboviruses in wild and domestic animals in Amazon region, 2023-2024.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2026Article
- Effect of chikungunya, Mayaro and Una virus coinfection on vector competence ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Exposure to non-endemic arboviruses (alphaviruses) in Costa Rica assessed from human samples collected in areas with contrasting levels of dengue endemicity.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- A rare case of chikungunya encephalitis and its management: A case report and literature review.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Characteristics of Madariaga and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Infections, Panama.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Real-time RT-PCR for Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex, Madariaga, and Eastern equine encephalitis viruses: application in human and mosquito public health surveillance in Panama.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2023Article
- Madariaga and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus seroprevalence in rodent enzootic hosts in Eastern and Western Panama.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- serosim: An R package for simulating serological data arising from vaccination, epidemiological and antibody kinetics processes.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- A geopositioned and evidence-graded pan-species compendium of Mayaro virus occurrence.Scientific data · 2023Article
- Emergent variant modeling of the serological repertoire to norovirus in young children.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Evaluating sampling strategies for enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vectors in Florida and Panama.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Alphavirus Identification in Neotropical Bats.Viruses · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Madariaga virus (MADV) has recently been associated with severe human disease in Panama, where the closely related Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) also circulates. In June 2017, a fatal MADV infection was confirmed in a community of Darien Province. We conducted a cross-sectional outbreak investigation with human and mosquito collections in July 2017, where sera were tested for alphavirus antibodies and viral RNA. In addition, by applying a catalytic, force-of-infection (FOI) statistical model to two serosurveys from Darien Province in 2012 and 2017, we investigated whether endemic or epidemic alphavirus transmission occurred historically. In 2017, MADV and VEEV IgM seroprevalences were 1.6% and 4.4%, respectively; IgG antibody prevalences were MADV: 13.2%, VEEV: 16.8%, Una virus (UNAV): 16.0%, and Mayaro virus: 1.1%. Active viral circulation was not detected. Evidence of MADV and UNAV infection was found near households, raising questions about its vectors and enzootic transmission cycles. Insomnia was associated with MADV and VEEV infections, depression symptoms were associated with MADV, and dizziness with VEEV and UNAV. Force-of-infection analyses suggest endemic alphavirus transmission historically, with recent increased human exposure to MADV and VEEV in Aruza and Mercadeo, respectively. The lack of additional neurological cases suggests that severe MADV and VEEV infections occur only rarely. Our results indicate that over the past five decades, alphavirus infections have occurred at low levels in eastern Panama, but that MADV and VEEV infections have recently increased-potentially during the past decade. Endemic infections and outbreaks of MADV and VEEV appear to differ spatially in some locations of eastern Panama.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.