Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33123867›Full record

ReviewJournal of digital imaging2020

Cybersecurity in PACS and Medical Imaging: an Overview.

Marco Eichelberg, Klaus Kleber, Marc Kämmerer

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of digital imaging, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Physiological and morphometric biomarkers for synthetic media detection.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Are 10-Year-Old Imaging Tests Likely to Be Useful or Can They Be Purged?Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. A New Data Model for the Privacy Protection of Medical Images.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2022
    Article
  18. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Marco EichelbergR&D Department Health, OFFIS-Institute for Information Technology, Escherweg 2, 26121, Oldenburg, Germany. eichelberg@offis.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-3318
Klaus KleberVISUS Health IT GmbH, Gesundheitscampus-Süd 15-17, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
Marc KämmererVISUS Health IT GmbH, Gesundheitscampus-Süd 15-17, 44801, Bochum, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This article provides an overview on the literature published on the topic of cybersecurity for PACS (Picture Archiving and Communications Systems) and medical imaging. From a practical perspective, PACS specific security measures must be implemented together with the measures applicable to the IT infrastructure as a whole, in order to prevent incidents such as PACS systems exposed to access from the Internet. Therefore, the article first offers an overview of the physical, technical and organizational mitigation measures that are proposed in literature on cybersecurity in healthcare information technology in general, followed by an overview on publications discussing specific cybersecurity topics that apply to PACS and medical imaging and present the "building blocks" for a secure PACS environment available in the literature. These include image de-identification, transport security, the selective encryption of the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) header, encrypted DICOM files, digital signatures and watermarking techniques. The article concludes with a discussion of gaps in the body of published literature and a summary.

Indexed as

Computer SecurityDiagnostic ImagingHumansRadiographyRadiology Information SystemsCybersecurityDICOMMedical imagingPACS

Identifiers

PMID33123867
PMCPMC7728878

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.