ArticleInnovation in aging2020
Measuring More Than Exposure: Does Stress Appraisal Matter for Black-White Differences in Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults?
Article in Innovation in aging, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tai chi or health education for older adults with hypertension: effects on mental health and psychological resilience to COVID-19.Aging & mental health · 2023Trial
- Stories From Black Women in Iowa About Reproductive Health Care Experiences, Self-Advocacy, and Recommendations for Change.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Black Women's Mental Health: Does Life Course Stage Matter?Sociology of race and ethnicity (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Working Through It: Lifetime Experiences of Employment Discrimination Among Older Black Americans and Implications for Labor Force Participation, Job Dissatisfaction, and Mental Health in Older Adulthood.Journal of aging and health · 2026Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences Underlie Race-Related Differences in Neural Reactivity to Stress.Behavioural neurology · 2026Article
- Perceived stress mediates the association between orbitofrontal cortex grey matter volume and depressive symptoms in older women.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Perceived Homonegativity and Psychological Distress in Gay Men in Brazil: Does Skin Color Matter?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Interactions of chronic stress exposure and stress appraisal on vascular endothelial function among young adults.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2025Article
- Lichen sclerosus and the association with subsequent psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Disparities in Chronic Stress Exposure and Appraisal and Later-Life Disability.Innovation in aging · 2025Article
- Are depressive symptoms associated with biological aging in a cross-sectional analysis of adults over age 50 in the United States.Psychology and aging · 2024Article
- Outdoor physical activity is not associated with better mental health in a sample of predominantly Black people, but spending time in parks is.Urban forestry & urban greening · 2024Article
- Contribution of Involuntary Job Loss to the Burden of Depressive Symptoms Over Two Decades in a National Study of Aging Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- The Worst of Times: Depressive Symptoms Among Racialized Groups Living With Dementia and Cognitive Impairment During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of aging and health · 2024Article
- Racism-related stress and mental health among black women living in Los Angeles County, California: A comparison of postpartum mood and anxiety disorder screening scales.Archives of women's mental health · 2024Article
- Identifying Potential Factors Associated With Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes: Retrospective Cohort Study Using Machine Learning on Real-World Data.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Psychological distress and mental health care utilization among Black survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer.Cancer · 2024Article
- A Preliminary Analysis of Stress Burden and Cognitive Function and Clinically Adjudicated Cognitive Outcomes in Black American Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Adversity type and timing predict temporal summation of pain in African-American adults.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2023Article
- Patterns and Life Course Determinants of Black-White Disparities in Biological Age Acceleration: A Decomposition Analysis.Demography · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesPrior research and theory suggest that exposure to objectively stressful events contributes to mental health disparities. Yet, blacks report higher cumulative stress exposure than whites but lower levels of common psychiatric disorders. In order to understand why blacks bear disproportionate stress exposure but similar or better mental health relative to whites, we need to consider race differences in not only stress exposure, but also stress appraisal-how upsetting stress exposures are perceived to be. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe examine whether race differences in the number of reported chronic stressors across 5 domains (health, financial, residential, relationship, and caregiving) and their appraised stressfulness explain black-white differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Data come from 6019 adults aged older than 52 from the 2006 Health and Retirement Study.
resultsOlder blacks in this sample experience greater exposure to chronic stressors but appraise stressors as less upsetting relative to whites. In fully adjusted models, stress exposure is related to higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and perceiving stress as upsetting is associated with higher symptomology for whites and blacks. We also find that blacks report greater anxiety symptoms but fewer depressive symptoms with more stress exposure relative to whites. Stress appraisal partially explains race differences in the association between stress exposure and anxiety symptoms and fully explains race differences in the association between exposure and depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: The relationship between race, chronic stress exposure, and mental health is mediated by stress appraisal. Stress appraisal provides insight on important pathways contributing to black-white mental health disparities in older adulthood.
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