ArticleJournal of hepatocellular carcinoma2020
Validation of the GALAD Model and Establishment of GAAP Model for Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chinese Patients.
Article in Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review Article: Biomarkers in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Towards Precision Medicine.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Review
- An XGBoost-Based Multicenter Model for Predicting HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Development and Validation.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- A multi-centre, prospective trial of a methylation-based liquid biopsy for early detection of liver cancer in high-risk populations.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a high-confidence diagnostic model integrating ctDNA methylation and serum biomarkers for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma detection.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonist II in Primary Liver Cancer: Basic Research Insights and Clinical Applications.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2025Review
- Early screening for liver cancer must be performed.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- BALAD-2 Emerges as the Most Accurate Prognostic Model in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results from a Biobank-Based Cohort Study.Cancers · 2025Article
- Article
- The Value of Clinical Decision Support in Healthcare: A Focus on Screening and Early Detection.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Development of a diagnostic nomogram for alpha-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma based on serological biomarkers.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Diagnostic and prognostic performances of GALAD score in staging and 1-year mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective study.World journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Alpha-fetoprotein: Past, present, and future.Hepatology communications · 2024Review
- The GALAD score and the BALAD-2 score correlate with transarterial and systemic treatment response and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Article
- Ensemble learning enhances the precision of preliminary detection of primary hepatocellular carcinoma based on serological and demographic indices.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Chinese expert consensus statement on the clinical application of AFP/AFP-L3%/DCP using GALAD and GALAD-like algorithm in HCC.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2023Article
- Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B (version 2022).Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2023Article
- Validation of the novel GLAS algorithm as an aid in the detection of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis based on GP73, LG2m, age, and sex.Clinical proteomics · 2023Article
- Validation of combined AFP, AFP-L3, and PIVKA II for diagnosis and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese patients.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Development and validation of a diagnostic model for AFP-negative hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
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15 authors.
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Abstract
purposeGALAD is a statistical model for estimating the likelihood of having hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on gender, age, AFP, AFP-L3, and PIVKA-II. We aimed to assess its performance and build new models in China, where hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading etiology of HCC. PATIENTS AND
methodsWe built the GALAD-C model with the same five variables in GALAD, and the GAAP model with gender, age, AFP, and PIVKA-II, using logistic regression based on 242 patients with HCC and 283 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). We also collected 50 patients with other malignant liver tumors (OMTs) and 50 healthy controls (HCs). A test dataset (169 patients with HCC and 139 with CLD) was used to test the performance of GAAP.
resultsThe GALAD-C and GAAP models achieved comparable performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.922 vs 0.914), and both were superior to GALAD, PIVKA-II, AFP, and AFP-L3% (AUCs, 0.891, 0.869, 0.750, and 0.711) for discrimination of HCC from CLD for the entire dataset. The AUCs of the GALAD, GALAD-C and GAAP models were excellent for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) subgroup (0.939, 0.958 and 0.954), and for discrimination HCC from HCs (0.988, 0.982, and 0.979), but were relatively lower for the HBV subgroup (0.855, 0.904, and 0.894), and for HCC within Milan Criteria (0.810, 0.841, and 0.840). They were not superior to AFP (0.873) for discrimination of HCC from OMT (0.873, 0.809, and 0.823). GAAP achieved an AUC of 0.922 in the test dataset.
conclusionGALAD was excellent for discrimination of HCC from CLD in the HCV subgroup of a cohort of Chinese patients. The GAAP and GALAD-C models achieved better performance compared with GALAD. These three models exhibited better performance in patients with an HCV etiology than those with HBV.
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