Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33122957›Full record

ArticleNature and science of sleep2020

Association of Cigarette Smoking with Sleep Disturbance and Neurotransmitters in Cerebrospinal Fluid.

Hui Li, Yanlong Liu, Lifei Xing, Xiaoyu Yang, Jinzhong Xu, Qiushi Ren, Kuan-Pin Su, Yanye Lu, Fan Wang

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature and science of sleep, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 22% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. Prevalence and factors associated with poor sleep quality among patients with hypertension in a primary care clinic: A cross-sectional study.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Hui LiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
Yanlong LiuZhuji Institute of Biomedicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Shaoxing 311800, People's Republic of China.
Lifei XingDepartment of Neurology, Inner Mongolia North Heavy Industries Group Corp. Ltd Hospital, Baotou 014030, People's Republic of China.
Xiaoyu YangBeijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100035, People's Republic of China.
Jinzhong XuThe Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling 317500, People's Republic of China.
Qiushi RenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
Kuan-Pin SuZhuji Institute of Biomedicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Shaoxing 311800, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0002-4501-2502
Yanye LuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0002-3063-8051
Fan WangXinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, People's Republic of China.
Peking University · CNWenzhou Medical University · CNXinjiang Medical University · CNChina Medical University · TWTaiyuan Heavy Industry (China) · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCigarette smoking has shown to be associated with sleep disturbance, especially prolonged sleep onset latency (SOL). Cigarette smoking stimulates the release of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT), which might promote awakening and inhibit rapid eye movement sleep. Dopamine transporter (DAT) and serotonin transporter play a key role in the reuptake of DA and 5-HT from the synaptic cleft into presynaptic neurons. However, the relationship among cigarette smoking, sleep disturbance and neurotransmitters has never been investigated in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

methodsA total of 159 Chinese male subjects (81 active smokers and 78 non-smokers) who would undergo lumbar puncture before the surgery of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were recruited and 5mL-CSF samples were collected incidentally. CSF levels of DA, DAT, 5-HT, and serotonin transporter were measured using radioimmunoassay and ELISA. Sociodemographic data and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale were collected before surgery.

resultsPSQI global scores, SOL, and CSF DA levels were significantly higher in active smokers compared to non-smokers (2.00 [1.00-4.75] scores vs 4.00 [3.00-6.00] scores,

conclusionCigarette smoking was indeed associated with sleep disturbance, shown by prolonged SOL, higher DA levels and lower DAT levels in CSF of active smokers.

Indexed as

cerebrospinal fluidcigarette smokingdopaminesleep

Identifiers

PMID33122957
PMCPMC7591043
OpenAlexW3094572080

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.