ArticleScientific reports2020
Serum S100B protein as a marker of severity in Covid-19 patients.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06042530 (Cognitive Impairment and Fatigue After Mild to Moderate COVID-19 - Relation to Biomarkers and Neuronal Network Functions), which is not on this map. Cited by 68 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cognitive Impairment and Fatigue After Mild to Moderate COVID-19 - Relation to Biomarkers and Neuronal Network Functions
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- S100 Protein and Interleukin Biomarkers Among COVID-19 Subjects With and Without Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.British journal of biomedical science · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum S100B in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Predictive Performance of Serum S100BFrontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Alterations in the Placenta Following Vaccination and Infection with SARS-CoV-2 During Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Inflammation and iron metabolism dysregulation as hallmarks of COVID-19 severity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Differences in concentration of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neutrophil elastase (NE), and calcium-binding protein S100B in viral diseases: a pilot study focused on normoglycemic COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Serum NSE and EEG sleep figures for prognostication of short-term outcomes in adults with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a prospective single-center study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Brain-targeted autoimmunity is strongly associated with Long COVID and its chronic fatigue syndrome as well as its affective symptoms.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Exacerbates Thromboembolic Cerebrovascular Complications in Humanized ACE2 Mouse Model.Translational stroke research · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammation in Severe COVID-19: The Dynamics of Inflammatory and Brain Injury Markers During Hospitalization.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- iPSC-derived human cortical organoids display profound alterations of cellular homeostasis following SARS-CoV-2 infection and Spike protein exposure.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Blood neurofilament light chain and S100B as biomarkers of neurological involvement and functional prognosis in COVID-19: a multicenter study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Observational
- Observational
- A review on clinical implications of S100 proteins in lung diseases.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Neutrophil Elastase, Neuron-Specific Enolase, and S100B Protein as Potential Markers of Long-Term Complications Caused by COVID-19 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Advanced Stage of Diabetic Nephropathy (NfT2DM)-Observational Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Observational
- Role of the receptor for advanced glycation end products in the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in diabetic patients.Diabetology international · 2024Review
- Oneyear longitudinal study on biomarkers of blood-brain barrier permeability in COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Reactive Astrocytosis-A Potential Contributor to Increased Suicide in Long COVID-19 Patients?Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Organ-Dysfunction Markers in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Convalescents.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection shows a wide-ranging clinical severity, requiring prognostic markers. We focused on S100B, a calcium-binding protein present in biological fluids, being a reliable biomarker in disorders having inflammatory processes as common basis and RAGE as main receptor. Since Covid-19 is characterized by a potent inflammatory response also involving RAGE, we tested if S100B serum levels were related to disease severity. Serum samples (n = 74) were collected from hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive patients admitted to Covid center. Illness severity was established by admission clinical criteria and Covid risk score. Treatment protocols followed WHO guidelines available at the time. Circulating S100B was determined by ELISA assay. Statistical analysis used Pearson's χ
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.