ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Opinion: For now, it's unethical to use human challenge studies for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Safety of COVID-19 vaccines.Journal of medical virology · 2021Trial
- When Is Social Value Proportionate to Research Risks?Bioethics · 2026Article
- Exploring the ethics of tuberculosis human challenge models.Journal of medical ethics · 2026Article
- Mixed-methods study assessing the acceptability and feasibility of Human Challenge Studies for Disease X in Healthy UK Adults in a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic setting.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- First Do No Harm? Modeling Risks and Benefits of Challenge Trials for Hepatitis C Vaccine Development.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Health Preparedness and Narrative Rationality: A Call for Narrative Preparedness.International journal of health policy and management · 2023Article
- Risk, benefit, and social value in Covid-19 human challenge studies: pandemic decision making in historical context.Monash bioethics review · 2022Article
- Do coronavirus vaccine challenge trials have a distinctive generalisability problem?Journal of medical ethics · 2022Article
- Pandemic vaccine testing: Combining conventional and challenge studies.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2022Article
- An ongoing science-society-ethics experiment: The human challenge trial debate in COVID-19 pandemic: The human challenge trial debate in COVID-19 pandemic.EMBO reports · 2022Article
- Characterizing altruistic motivation in potential volunteers for SARS-CoV-2 challenge trials.PloS one · 2022Article
- How to Test Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccines Ethically Even After One Is Available.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Human challenge trials to assess the efficacy of currently approved COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants.Emerging microbes & infections · 2021Article
- Assessment of Risks Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Experimental Human Infection Studies.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Next-Generation Bioinformatics Approaches and Resources for Coronavirus Vaccine Discovery and Development-A Perspective Review.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Article
- Prioritizing second-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines through low-dosage challenge studies.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021Article
- Testing SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy through deliberate natural viral exposure.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2021Review
- Controlled Human Infection to Speed Up SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development.Frontiers in immunologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.