Observational studyThe European respiratory journal2021
Tuberculosis prevention in children: a prospective community-based study in South Africa.
Observational study in The European respiratory journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effectiveness of isoniazid preventive treatment among contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of the primary Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine against the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease: a meta-analysis of individual participant data.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of preventive treatment among different age groups and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection status: a systematic review and individual-participant data meta-analysis of contact tracing studies.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in School Contacts of Tuberculosis Cases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Pooled it
- Infant BCG vaccination and risk of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis throughout the life course: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Pooled it
- Tuberculosis preventive therapy in Sierra Leone: early implementation gaps and lessons learned.Public health action · 2026Article
- Dynamic, quantitative ESAT6-CFP10 skin test for tuberculosis risk prediction: a large-scale, multi-center, prospective cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- The cascade of care for latent tuberculosis infection in Malaysia: a cohort analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Pediatric Tuberculosis: Unraveling Immunity, Clinical Complexities, and Resource-Driven Disparities in the Pursuit of Prevention.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Exploratory investigation of urinary alkanes and other volatile organic compounds in paediatric patients with tuberculous meningitis.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2025Article
- Article
- Global burden and trend of tuberculosis in children and adolescents (under 15 years old) from 1990 to 2021, with projections to 2040.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The diagnostic potential of urine in paediatric patients undergoing initial treatment for tuberculous meningitis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Public Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for Active Tuberculosis Disease or Infection Among Children in South Africa.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Gene Expression in Cord Blood and Tuberculosis in Early Childhood: A Nested Case-Control Study in a South African Birth Cohort.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Impact and cost-effectiveness of short-course tuberculosis preventive treatment for household contacts and people with HIV in 29 high-incidence countries: a modelling analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection among Health Workers in HIV Treatment Centers in North Central, Nigeria.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- The Long-Term Impact of Early-Life Tuberculosis Disease on Child Health: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Article
- The role of Xpert MTB/RIF using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in active screening: insights from a tuberculosis outbreak in a junior school in eastern China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy reduces TB risk in children. However, the effectiveness of TB preventive therapy in children living in high TB burden settings is unclear.In a prospective observational community-based cohort study in Cape Town, South Africa, we assessed the effectiveness of routine TB preventive therapy in children ≤15 years of age in a high TB and HIV prevalence setting.Among 966 children (median (interquartile range) age 5.07 (2.52-8.72) years), 676 (70%) reported exposure to an adult with TB in the past 3 months and 240 out of 326 (74%) eligible children initiated isoniazid preventive therapy under programmatic guidelines. Prevalent (n=73) and incident (n=27) TB were diagnosed among 100 out of 966 (10%) children. Children who initiated isoniazid preventive therapy were 82% less likely to develop incident TB than children who did not (adjusted OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.06-0.52; p=0.0014). Risk of incident TB increased if children were <5 years of age, living with HIV, had a positive
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.