ArticleInternational journal of antimicrobial agents2020
COVID-19 outpatients: early risk-stratified treatment with zinc plus low-dose hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: a retrospective case series study.
Article in International journal of antimicrobial agents, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Metals on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Review of Recent Epidemiological Studies.Current environmental health reports · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A pilot double-blind safety and feasibility randomized controlled trial of high-dose intravenous zinc in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Journal of medical virology · 2021Trial
- Zinc as a Possible Critical Element to Prevent Harmful Effects of COVID-19 on Testicular Function: a Narrative Review.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Review
- Zinc and selenium status in coronavirus disease 2019.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2023Review
- Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection, EBV, HHV-6 and Other Factors May Contribute to Inflammation and Autoimmunity in Long COVID.Viruses · 2023Review
- Zinc in Human Health and Infectious Diseases.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- An Evaluation of Non-Communicable Diseases and Risk Factors Associated with COVID-19 Disease Severity in Dubai, United Arab Emirates: An Observational Retrospective Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Observational
- Early Outpatient Treatment of COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis of 392 Cases in Italy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- The Mechanisms of Zinc Action as a Potent Anti-Viral Agent: The Clinical Therapeutic Implication in COVID-19.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Are Nutraceuticals Effective in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Prevention and Treatment?Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Antioxidants and clinical outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review of observational and interventional studies.Food science & nutrition · 2022Review
- Zinc and Respiratory Viral Infections: Important Trace Element in Anti-viral Response and Immune Regulation.Biological trace element research · 2022Review
- Zinc augments the antiviral potential of HCQ/CQ and ivermectin to reduce the risks of more serious outcomes from COVID-19 infection.Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2022Review
- Antiviral and immunological activity of zinc and possible role in COVID-19.The British journal of nutrition · 2022Review
- COVID-19 and liver dysfunction: What nutritionists need to know.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Disparities in demand for COVID-19 hospital care in the United States: Insights from a longitudinal hierarchical study.Health science reports · 2022Article
- Unlike Chloroquine, Mefloquine Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Physiologically Relevant Cells.Viruses · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the outpatient setting after early treatment with zinc, low-dose hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin (triple therapy) dependent on risk stratification. This was a retrospective case series study in the general practice setting. A total of 141 COVID-19 patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the year 2020 were included. The main outcome measures were risk-stratified treatment decision and rates of hospitalisation and all-cause death. A median of 4 days [interquartile range (IQR) 3-6 days; available for n = 66/141 patients] after the onset of symptoms, 141 patients (median age 58 years, IQR 40-67 years; 73.0% male) received a prescription for triple therapy for 5 days. Independent public reference data from 377 confirmed COVID-19 patients in the same community were used as untreated controls. Of 141 treated patients, 4 (2.8%) were hospitalised, which was significantly fewer (P < 0.001) compared with 58 (15.4%) of 377 untreated patients [odds ratio (OR) = 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06-0.5]. One patient (0.7%) in the treatment group died versus 13 patients (3.4%) in the untreated group (OR = 0.2, 95% CI 0.03-1.5; P = 0.12). No cardiac side effects were observed. Risk stratification-based treatment of COVID-19 outpatients as early as possible after symptom onset using triple therapy, including the combination of zinc with low-dose hydroxychloroquine, was associated with significantly fewer hospitalisations.
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Registered trials
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