ArticleVaccine2020
Cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination for adults through age 45 years in the United States: Estimates from a simplified transmission model.
Article in Vaccine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human papillomavirus and vaccine knowledge, willingness, and uptake among university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness modeling for gender-neutral human papillomavirus vaccines: A systematic literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- HPV vaccination among seropositive, DNA negative cohorts: a systematic review & meta-analysis.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of message framing on HPV Vaccination decision-making: A Survey experiment among Chinese male college students.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Improving HPV Vaccine Coverage in Tennessee: Addressing Barriers and Expanding Access for Mid-Adults.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Looking Back, Moving Forward: Challenges and Opportunities for Global Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control.Viruses · 2024Review
- Article
- Update on Effects of the Prophylactic HPV Vaccines on HPV Type Prevalence and Cervical Pathology.Viruses · 2024Review
- Lifetime quality-adjusted life years lost due to genital herpes acquired in the United States in 2018: a mathematical modeling study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2023Article
- Estimation of the Lifetime Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) Lost Due to Syphilis Acquired in the United States in 2018.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Clinical and Public Health Considerations for HPV Vaccination in Midadulthood: A Narrative Review.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Current Evidence of a Deintensification Strategy for Patients with HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer.Cancers · 2022Review
- Data-Related Challenges in Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Vaccines.Applied health economics and health policy · 2022Article
- Effects of the Prophylactic HPV Vaccines on HPV Type Prevalence and Cervical Pathology.Viruses · 2022Article
- Long-term impact of HPV vaccination and COVID-19 pandemic on oropharyngeal cancer incidence and burden among men in the USA: A modeling study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2022Article
- Human papillomavirus vaccination for adults aged 30 to 45 years in the United States: A cost-effectiveness analysis.PLoS medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe objective of this study was to assess incremental costs and benefits of a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program expanded to include "mid-adults" (adults aged 27 through 45 years) in the United States.
methodsWe adapted a previously published, dynamic mathematical model of HPV transmission and HPV-associated disease to estimate the incremental costs and benefits of a 9-valent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) program for people aged 12 through 45 years compared to a 9vHPV program for females aged 12 through 26 years and males aged 12 through 21 years.
resultsA 9vHPV program for females aged 12 through 26 years and males aged 12 through 21 years was estimated to cost < $10,000 quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, compared to no vaccination. Expanding the 9vHPV program to include mid-adults was estimated to cost $587,600 per additional QALY gained when including adults through age 30 years, and $653,300 per additional QALY gained when including adults through age 45 years. Results were most sensitive to assumptions about HPV incidence among mid-adults, current and historical vaccination coverage, vaccine price, and the impact of HPV diseases on quality of life.
conclusionsMid-adult vaccination is much less cost-effective than the comparison strategy of routine vaccination for all adolescents at ages 11 to 12 years and catch-up vaccination for women through age 26 years and men through age 21 years.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.