Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33121181›Full record

ReviewNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2020

A Comprehensive Review of the Covalent Immobilization of Biomolecules onto Electrospun Nanofibers.

Soshana Smith, Katarina Goodge, Michael Delaney, Ariel Struzyk, Nicole Tansey, Margaret Frey

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Article
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  11. Physical Changes of Biomacromolecules upon Covalent Surface Immobilization.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Soshana SmithDepartment of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0709-6848
Katarina GoodgeDepartment of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9262-4125
Michael DelaneyRobert Frederick Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Ariel StruzykRobert Frederick Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Nicole TanseyDepartment of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Margaret FreyDepartment of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1125-6098

Funding

USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture NC-1194
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biomolecule immobilization has attracted the attention of various fields such as fine chemistry and biomedicine for their use in several applications such as wastewater, immunosensors, biofuels, et cetera. The performance of immobilized biomolecules depends on the substrate and the immobilization method utilized. Electrospun nanofibers act as an excellent substrate for immobilization due to their large surface area to volume ratio and interconnectivity. While biomolecules can be immobilized using adsorption and encapsulation, covalent immobilization offers a way to permanently fix the material to the fiber surface resulting in high efficiency, good specificity, and excellent stability. This review aims to highlight the various covalent immobilization techniques being utilized and their benefits and drawbacks. These methods typically fall into two categories: (1) direct immobilization and (2) use of crosslinkers. Direct immobilization techniques are usually simple and utilize the strong electrophilic functional groups on the nanofiber. While crosslinkers are used as an intermediary between the nanofiber substrate and the biomolecule, with some crosslinkers being present in the final product and others simply facilitating the reactions. We aim to provide an explanation of each immobilization technique, biomolecules commonly paired with said technique and the benefit of immobilization over the free biomolecule.

Indexed as

biomoleculecovalent immobilizationcrosslinkerelectrospinningenzymenanofiber

Identifiers

PMID33121181
PMCPMC7692479

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.