ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2020
Cytokines and Pathogenesis of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long term efficacy and safety profile of dexamethasone intravitreal implant in retinal vein occlusions: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Long-term outcomes for patients treated for macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2022Pooled it
- Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Combined with Dexamethasone Implant Therapy for Macular Edema: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Ultra-Widefield OCTA Mapping of Epiretinal Macrophage-Like Cells in Patients With Retinal Vein Occlusion.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and safety of intravitreal faricimab for macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Review
- Validation of an Automated AI Algorithm for the Quantification of Major OCT Parameters in Retinal Vein Occlusion-Related Macular Edema.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Retinal Arterial Vasospasm in Retinal Vein Occlusion and Its Association with Aqueous Humor Endothelin-1.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Short-term real-world outcomes of switching to faricimab in anti-VEGF-refractory retinal vein occlusion: a prospective study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Red blood cell distribution width/albumin ratio (RAR): A novel predictor of retinal vein occlusion in the Turkish population (STROBE).Medicine · 2026Article
- Risk of Retinal Vascular Occlusive Disease According to Type and Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Control after Acute Coronary Syndrome.Yonsei medical journal · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of full-thickness macular hole secondary to retinal vein occlusion.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Systemic Inflammation in Retinal Vein Occlusion and Its Role in Clinical Outcomes of Secondary Macular Edema.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Optimal Treatment of Retinal Vein Occlusion: An Updated Canadian Review and Recommendations.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Link Between Baseline Peripheral Vascular Leakage and Treatment Response in Patients with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Pilot Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Association between systemic blood pressure control and outcomes of Conbercept treatment for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The impact of preoperative inflammatory indices on retinal vessel density and macular perfusion after anti-VEGF treatment in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) using wide-field SS-OCTA.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Aqueous humor cytokine levels in retinal vein occlusion patients with suboptimal response to anti-VEGF therapy and the correlation with OCT imaging biomarkers.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Review
- Short‑term outcomes of switching to faricimab for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Neovascular glaucoma associated with central retinal vein occlusion in a young patient with hyperlipidemia.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) causes macular edema and subsequent vision loss and is common in people with diseases such as arteriosclerosis and hypertension. Various treatments for CRVO-associated macular edema have been trialed, including laser photocoagulation, with unsatisfactory results. However, when the important pathogenic role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in macular edema was identified, the treatment of CRVO was revolutionized by anti-VEGF therapy. However, despite the success of intraocular injection of anti-VEGF agents in many patients with CRVO, some patients continue to suffer from refractory or recurring edema. In addition, the expression of inflammatory cytokines increases over time, causing more severe inflammation and a condition that is increasingly resistant to anti-VEGF therapy. This indicates that the pathogenesis of macular edema in CRVO is more complex than originally thought and may involve factors or cytokines associated with inflammation and ischemia other than VEGF. CRVO is also associated with leukocyte abnormalities and a gradual reduction in retinal blood flow velocity, which increase the likelihood of it developing from the nonischemic type into the more severe ischemic type; in turn, this results in excessive VEGF expression and subsequent neovascular glaucoma. Here, we review the role of different factors and cytokines involved in CRVO pathogenesis and propose a mechanism that holds promise for the development of novel therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.