ArticleIndian journal of ophthalmology2020
Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on digital device-related ocular health.
Article in Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical manifestations, prevalence, and risk factors of asthenopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- TFOS lifestyle: Impact of societal challenges on the ocular surface.The ocular surface · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of dry eye during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of computer vision syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of optometryPooled it
- Effects of digital screen property modification on symptoms of digital eye strain.Digital journal of ophthalmology : DJO · 2025Trial
- Population perceived eye strain due to digital devices usage during COVID-19 pandemic.International ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- Consensus on Diagnostic Criteria, Clinical Symptoms, and Risk Factors for Visual Fatigue: A Modified Delphi Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Status of ocular health and binocular vision among children using digital devices: a cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Effects of blue light and blue-light protection eyeglass lenses on the oxidative status of mouse corneas.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- New healthcare insights in ophthalmology: using a data integration center (DIC) to analyze the care of patients with corneal ulceration during the COVID-19 pandemic.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Article
- Association between average screen time and dry eye disease: a secondary analysis of publicly available cross-sectional data.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Optical and Thermal Properties of NIR-Blocking Ophthalmic Lenses Under Controlled Conditions.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Visual Functioning and Mental Health in the Digital Age.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Automated eyeball volume measurement based on CT images using neural network-based segmentation and simple estimation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Impact of online learning during COVID-19 pandemic on digital device related ocular health.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Digital Eye Straining: Exploring Its Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Effects on the Quality of Life.Cureus · 2024Article
- Digital Eye Strain: Updated Perspectives.Clinical optometry · 2024Review
- Digital media use and its effects on digital eye strain and sleep quality in adolescents: A new emerging epidemic?PloS one · 2024Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeSince the declaration of the lockdown due to COVID-19, the usage of digital devices has gone up across the globe, resulting in a challenge for the visual systems of all ages. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the lockdown on digital device usage, and consequently, the ocular surface health implications and circadian rhythm abnormalities related to digital eye strain.
methodsAn open online survey was sent through various social media platforms and was open for a period of 2 weeks.
resultsA total of 407 usable responses were obtained; the average age of respondents was 27.4 years. Typically, 93.6% of respondents reported an increase in their screen time since the lockdown was declared. The average increase in digital device usage was calculated at about 4.8 ± 2.8 h per day. The total usage per day was found to be 8.65 ± 3.74 hours. Sleep disturbances have been reported by 62.4% of people. Typically, 95.8% of respondents had experienced at least one symptom related to digital device usage, and 56.5% said that the frequency and intensity of these symptoms increased since the lockdown was declared.
conclusionThe study highlighted the drastic increase in use of digital devices after the initiation of the COVID-19 lockdown, and along with it, the slow deterioration of ocular health across all age groups. Awareness about prevention of digital eye strain should be stressed, and going forward, measures to bring these adverse effects to a minimum should be explored.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.