Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33120115›Full record

ArticleCell host & microbe2021

Schistosoma mansoni Eggs Modulate the Timing of Granuloma Formation to Promote Transmission.

Kevin K Takaki, Gabriel Rinaldi, Matthew Berriman, Antonio J Pagán, Lalita Ramakrishnan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell host & microbe, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Loss of vitamin C biosynthesis protects from the pathology of a parasitic infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
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  9. Differential murine responses toInfection and immunity · 2024
    Article
  10. Clinical & translational immunology · 2024
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kevin K TakakiMolecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
Gabriel RinaldiWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
Matthew BerrimanWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
Antonio J PagánMolecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. Electronic address: ap825@cam.ac.uk.
Lalita RamakrishnanMolecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. Electronic address: lr404@cam.ac.uk.

Funding

Host-Responses to Mycobacterium Infection in ZebrafishR37AI054503 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI RAMAKRISHNAN, LALITA · 2012 to 2021
$3.1M
NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI054503Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Schistosome eggs provoke the formation of granulomas, organized immune aggregates, around them. For the host, the granulomatous response can be both protective and pathological. Granulomas are also postulated to facilitate egg extrusion through the gut lumen, a necessary step for parasite transmission. We used zebrafish larvae to visualize the granulomatous response to Schistosomamansoni eggs and inert egg-sized beads. Mature eggs rapidly recruit macrophages, which form granulomas within days. Beads also induce granulomas rapidly, through a foreign body response. Strikingly, immature eggs do not recruit macrophages, revealing that the eggshell is immunologically inert. Our findings suggest that the eggshell inhibits foreign body granuloma formation long enough for the miracidium to mature. Then parasite antigens secreted through the eggshell trigger granulomas that facilitate egg extrusion into the environment. In support of this model, we find that only mature S. mansoni eggs are shed into the feces of mice and humans.

Indexed as

AnimalsFecesGranulomaGranuloma, Foreign-BodyHumansImmunity, InnateIntestinesMacrophagesMiceOvumSchistosoma mansoniSchistosomiasis mansoniZebrafishgranulomashelminthshumansinnate immunitymiracidiaSchistosoma egg extrusionSchistosoma egg translocationSchistosoma mansonischistosomiasiszebrafish

Identifiers

PMID33120115
PMCPMC7815046

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.