Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33118899›Full record

ArticlePublic health nutrition2021

Cost-effectiveness of a market-based home fortification of food with micronutrient powder programme in Bangladesh.

Sayem Ahmed, Haribondhu Sarma, Zahid Hasan, Mahfuzur Rahman, Mohammad Wahid Ahmed, Mohammad Ashraful Islam, Eric W Djimeu, Mduduzi Nn Mbuya, Tahmeed Ahmed, Jahangir Am Khan

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In one paragraph

Article in Public health nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sayem AhmedHealth Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0001-9499-1500
Haribondhu SarmaNutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0003-1553-8498
Zahid HasanHealth Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0002-3824-8947
Mahfuzur RahmanNutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Mohammad Wahid AhmedHealth Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh.
Mohammad Ashraful IslamNutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Eric W DjimeuGlobal Alliance for Improve Nutrition, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Mduduzi Nn MbuyaGlobal Alliance for Improve Nutrition, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0003-1230-2367
Tahmeed AhmedNutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Jahangir Am KhanHealth Economics and Policy Research Group, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe estimated the cost-effectiveness of home fortification with micronutrient powder delivered in a sales-based programme in reducing the prevalence of Fe deficiency anaemia among children 6-59 months in Bangladesh.

designCross-sectional interviews with local and central-level programme staff and document reviews were conducted. Using an activity-based costing approach, we estimated start-up and implementation costs of the programme. The incremental cost per anaemia case averted and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) averted were estimated by comparing the home fortification programme and no intervention scenarios.

settingThe home fortification programme was implemented in 164 upazilas (sub-districts) in Bangladesh.

participantsCaregivers of child 6-59 months and BRAC staff members including community health workers were the participants for this study.

resultsThe home fortification programme had an estimated total start-up cost of 35·46 million BDT (456 thousand USD) and implementation cost of 1111·63 million BDT (14·12 million USD). The incremental cost per Fe deficiency anaemia case averted and per DALY averted was estimated to be 1749 BDT (22·2 USD) and 12 558 BDT (159·3 USD), respectively. Considering per capita gross domestic product (1516·5 USD) as the cost-effectiveness threshold, the home fortification programme was highly cost-effective. The programme coverage and costs for nutritional counselling of the beneficiary were influential parameters for cost per DALY averted in the one-way sensitivity analysis.

conclusionsThe market-based home fortification programme was a highly cost-effective mechanism for delivering micronutrients to a large number of children in Bangladesh. The policymakers should consider funding and sustaining large-scale sales-based micronutrient home fortification efforts assuming the clear population-level need and potential to benefit persists.

Indexed as

MicronutrientsBangladeshChildCost-Benefit AnalysisCross-Sectional StudiesHumansPowdersMicronutrientsPowdersActivity-based cost analysisBangladeshCost-effectiveness analysisDisability-adjusted life yearsFe deficiency anaemiaHome fortificationMicronutrient

Identifiers

PMID33118899
PMCPMC8042576

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.