ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Revisiting the Pathoetiology of Multiple Sclerosis: Has the Tail Been Wagging the Mouse?
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the Role of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The Immunosuppression Paradox in Multiple Sclerosis: Are We Fueling the Fire by Suppressing Immunity in an Epstein-Barr Virus-Linked Disease?Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Multiple sclerosis and autoimmunity: a reappraisal of the evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Niraparib Demonstrates Therapeutic Potential in Multiple Sclerosis through Inhibition of IL-17A Receptor Interaction and Promotion of Remyelination.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Multiple Sclerosis: A Story of the Interaction Between Gut Microbiome and Components of the Immune System.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- The Multifaceted Roles of BACH1 in Disease: Implications for Biological Functions and Therapeutic Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Review
- Annexin A1, calreticulin and high mobility group box 1 are elevated in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Does immunogenic cell death occur in multiple sclerosis?BioImpacts : BI · 2025Article
- Oligodendrocyte and Myelin Pathophysiology in Multiple Sclerosis.Advances in neurobiology · 2025Review
- Protective effect of the Quercetin on experimental cuprizone-induced multiple sclerosis in male C57BL/6 mice.Current research in physiology · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective effects of rutin against cuprizone-induced multiple sclerosis in mice.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- Association of multiple sclerosis with stroke: A comprehensive review.Health science reports · 2024Article
- New views on the complex interplay between degeneration and autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Ozanimod-mediated remission in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is associated with enhanced activity of CNS CD27Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Histamine H4 Receptor Antagonist Ameliorates the Progression of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis via Regulation of T-Cell Imbalance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Heterogeneous Multiple Sclerosis Lesion: How Can We Assess and Modify a Degenerating Lesion?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Physiological and pathological consequences of exosomes at the blood-brain-barrier interface.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Validity of serum neurofilament light chain as a prognostic biomarker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2023Review
- A perspective on causality assessment in epigenetic research on neurodegenerative disorders.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- Synthesis and Comprehensive in Vivo Activity Profiling of Olean-12-en-28-ol, 3β-Pentacosanoate in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A Natural Remyelinating and Anti-Inflammatory Agent.Journal of natural products · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is traditionally considered an autoimmune-mediated demyelinating disease, the pathoetiology of which is unknown. However, the key question remains whether autoimmunity is the initiator of the disease (outside-in) or the consequence of a slow and as yet uncharacterized cytodegeneration (oligodendrocytosis), which leads to a subsequent immune response (inside-out). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has been used to model the later stages of MS during which the autoimmune involvement predominates. In contrast, the cuprizone (CPZ) model is used to model early stages of the disease during which oligodendrocytosis and demyelination predominate and are hypothesized to precede subsequent immune involvement in MS. Recent studies combining a boost, or protection, to the immune system with disruption of the blood brain barrier have shown CPZ-induced oligodendrocytosis with a subsequent immune response. In this Perspective, we review these recent advances and discuss the likelihood of an inside-out vs. an outside-in pathoetiology of MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.