ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
The Immune Characteristics of the Epididymis and the Immune Pathway of the Epididymitis Caused by Different Pathogens.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of research hotspots and trends in epididymitis from 2014 to 2025: a visual analysis based on bibliometrics and scientific graphs from multiple databases.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Immunoregulatory mechanisms between epithelial clear cells and mononuclear phagocytes in the epididymis.Andrology · 2024Pooled it
- Restoring the FOXO1 geroprotective pathway via seno-resistant mesenchymal progenitor cells alleviates primate epididymal aging.Protein & cell · 2026Article
- Abnormal Sperm Morphology in Lodpr/lncRNA-HSVIII Knockout Mice with Advancing Age.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Macrophages regulate meiotic initiation and germ cell clearance in the developing ovary.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Epididymal macrophage senescence contributes to sperm motility decrease upon environmental stress.Science advances · 2026Article
- Common Environmental Hazards and Male Infertility: Effects on Epididymal Immune Microenvironment.Toxics · 2026Review
- Male Infertility: A Comprehensive Review of Urological Causes and Contemporary Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Advances in immunological research on male infertility.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles, Nutrient Balance, and Redox Metabolism During Epididymal Sperm Maturation: A Perspective on the Complexity of Intercellular Interplay.Advances in anatomy, embryology, and cell biology · 2026Review
- Epididymitis with abscess formation: experiences from a tertiary center in China.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2025Article
- Guinea Pig Model for Lassa Virus Infection of Reproductive Tract and Considerations for Sexual and Vertical Transmission.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Effects of Goji Berry Supplementation on Immune-Related and Antioxidant Gene Expression in the Male Rabbit Reproductive Tract.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Renal Intercalated Cells: Alien Cells Inside Us?Biology · 2025Review
- Decoding the Puzzle of Male Infertility: The Role of Infection, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Basal and Immune Cells of the Epididymis: An Electron Microscopy View of Their Association.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Immune Regulation in the Testis and Epididymis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Metabolic disparities in caput, corpus, and cauda epididymis of Hu sheep revealed by LC-MS untargeted metabolomics: implications for sperm maturation.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Innate Antiviral Defense of the Male Reproductive System.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The epididymis is an important male accessory sex organ where sperm motility and fertilization ability develop. When spermatozoa carrying foreign antigens enter the epididymis, the epididymis shows "immune privilege" to tolerate them. It is well-known that a tolerogenic environment exists in the caput epididymis, while pro-inflammatory circumstances prefer the cauda epididymis. This meticulously regulated immune environment not only protects spermatozoa from autoimmunity but also defends spermatozoa against pathogenic damage. Epididymitis is one of the common causes of male infertility. Up to 40% of patients suffer from permanent oligospermia or azoospermia. This is related to the immune characteristics of the epididymis itself. Moreover, epididymitis induced by different pathogenic microbial infections has different characteristics. This article elaborates on the distribution and immune response characteristics of epididymis immune cells, the role of epididymis epithelial cells (EECs), and the epididymis defense against different pathogenic infections (such as uropathogenic
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.