Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33117008›Full record

ArticleNature and science of sleep2020

The Associations of Gender, Menopause, Age, and Asthma with REM-Predominant Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Prospective Observational Study.

Rakan A Bahammam, Khalid M Al-Qahtani, Salih A Aleissi, Awad H Olaish, Aljohara S Almeneessier, Ahmed S Bahammam

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature and science of sleep, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea is associated with worse verbal episodic memory in older females.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025
    Trial
  3. Rapid eye movement-related obstructive sleep apnea: a physiological phenotype predicting favorable outcomes following palatal surgery.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. [The role of body roundness index and a body size index in the assessment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. REM sleep obstructive sleep apnoea.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. [Progress in clinical research of REM-related obstructive sleep apnea].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2022
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Rakan A BahammamDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-7555-5225
Khalid M Al-QahtaniDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Salih A AleissiDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-3667-9583
Awad H OlaishDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-8443-0013
Aljohara S AlmeneessierDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-6298-1751
Ahmed S BahammamDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-1706-6167
King Saud University · SA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe study sought to assess demographics, clinical features, comorbidities, and polysomnographic features of a large cohort of clinic-based patients with rapid eye movement-predominant obstructive sleep apnea (REM-predominant-OSA) in both genders, while assessing the relationship between REM-predominant OSA in one hand and menopausal status and age on the other.

methodsThis prospective observational study was conducted between January 2003 and December 2017. REM-predominant OSA diagnostic criteria included an AHI of ≥5/h, with REM-AHI/non-REM-AHI of >2, a non-REM-AHI of <15/h, and a minimum of 15 min of REM sleep. Patients who had an AHI>5 events/h and did not meet the criteria for REM-predominant OSA were included in the non-stage-specific OSA group (NSS).

resultsThe study consisted of 1346 men and 823 women (total=2169). REM-predominant OSA was diagnosed in 17% (n=369). The prevalence of REM-predominant OSA in women was 25% compared with 12% in men. Several independent associations of REM-predominant OSA were identified in the whole group, including age (OR: 0.97 [0.95-0.98], p<0.01), female sex (OR: 6.95 [4.86-9.93], p>0.01), REM sleep duration (min) (OR: 1.02 [1.02-1.03], < 0.01), and time with SpO2 <90% (mins) (OR: 0.97 [0.95-0.99], < 0.01), hypertension (OR:0.67 [0.45-0.99], 0.04) and asthma (OR: 2.19 [1.56-3.07], < 0.01). The prevalence of REM-predominant OSA in premenopausal and postmenopausal women was 35% and 18.6% (p< 0.01), respectively. Among women, age was an independent correlate (OR: 0.97 [0.94-0.99], p=0.03; however, menopausal status was not.

conclusionREM-predominant OSA is prevalent among clinic-based patients with OSA. A younger age and female sex were independent correlates of REM-predominant OSA. Among women, a younger age but not menopausal status was a correlate of REM-predominant OSA. Asthma was independently associated with REM-predominant OSA.

Indexed as

apnea-hypopnea indexfemale sexhypertensionmenopausephenotyperapid eye movement sleep

Identifiers

PMID33117008
PMCPMC7568609
OpenAlexW3091933935

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.