ReviewClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2020
Conjunctival Melanoma: Update on Genetics, Epigenetics and Targeted Molecular and Immune-Based Therapies.
Review in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial Transcriptomics Recontextualizes the Cellular Environment of Conjunctival Melanoma.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Imaging of Ocular Surface Lesions Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Precision Oncology in Ocular Melanoma: Integrating Molecular and Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Ocular Surface Cancers: A Review.Seminars in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Metastatic conjunctival melanoma: a multicentre international study.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Conjunctival melanoma: comprehensive insights into clinical features, genetic alterations, and modern treatment approaches.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2025Review
- Emerging Techniques in the Treatment of Conjunctival Melanoma.Current ophthalmology reports · 2025Review
- Periocular granulomatous inflammatory lesions mimicking conjunctival melanoma recurrence in the setting of systemic nivolumab treatment.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Development and validation of a nomogram to predict overall survival of conjunctival melanoma: a population-based study.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- Connecting the dots: Melanoma cell of origin, tumor cell plasticity, trans-differentiation, and drug resistance.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2023Review
- Review
- ATRX Loss in the Development and Prognosis of Conjunctival Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- BRAF and NRAS prognostic values in conjunctival melanoma: analysis and literature review.Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia · 2023Article
- New Therapeutic Approaches for Conjunctival Melanoma-What We Know So Far and Where Therapy Is Potentially Heading: Focus on Lymphatic Vessels and Dendritic Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Hypoxia-dependent drivers of melanoma progression.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo present the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of conjunctival melanoma (CM) and review the existing literature on targeted molecular inhibitors as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors for the management of locally advanced and metastatic disease.
methodsA comprehensive review of the literature was performed using the keywords "conjunctival melanoma", "immune checkpoint inhibitors", "BRAF inhibitors", "MEK inhibitors", "CTLA4 inhibitors", "PD1 inhibitors", "c-KIT mutations", "BRAF mutations", "NRAS mutations", "dabrafenib", "trametinib", "vemurafenib", "ipilimumab", "pembrolizumab", and "nivolumab". A total of 250 articles were reviewed and 120 were included in this report.
resultsMutations of mediators in the MAP kinase pathway, such as RAS, BRAF, MEK and ERK, and mutations of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway play a major role in the pathogenesis of conjunctival melanoma. In addition, alterations of c-KIT, NF1, TERT, chemokine receptors as well as chromosomal copy number alterations and micro RNAs are thought to have a causative association with CM development. Targeted molecular inhibitors, such as BRAF and MEK inhibitors, are currently being implemented in the therapy of
conclusionThe complex molecular mechanisms that contribute to the development of CM can be targeted both by molecular inhibitors of oncogenic pathways as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors in order to halt progression of the disease and increase survival.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.