Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33115820›Full record

ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2020

Comparison of the effects of lockdown due to COVID-19 on glucose patterns among children, adolescents, and adults with type 1 diabetes: CGM study.

Guido Di Dalmazi, Giulio Maltoni, Claudio Bongiorno, Lorenzo Tucci, Valeria Di Natale, Simona Moscatiello, Gilberto Laffi, Andrea Pession, Stefano Zucchini, Uberto Pagotto

Open access · goldAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
56citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
10.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

56 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Endocrine manifestations of COVID-19 in children: A scoping review.Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2023
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Guido Di DalmaziEndocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1291-8906
Giulio MaltoniUnit of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Claudio BongiornoEndocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9092-9758
Lorenzo TucciEndocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Valeria Di NataleUnit of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Simona MoscatielloEndocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Gilberto LaffiEndocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Andrea PessionUnit of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Stefano ZucchiniUnit of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Uberto PagottoEndocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy uberto.pagotto@unibo.it.
University of Bologna · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe COVID-19 pandemic forced the Italian government to issue extremely restrictive measures on daily activities since 11 March 2020 ('lockdown'), which may have influenced the metabolic control of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). The aims of the study were to investigate continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics in children and adults with T1D during lockdown and to identify their potentially related factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsWe enrolled 130 consecutive patients with T1D (30 children (≤12 years), 24 teenagers (13-17 years), and 76 adults (≥18 years)) using either Dexcom or FreeStyle LibreCGM>70% during the study period, without hybrid closed-loop insulin pump. CGM metrics during the 20 days before and the 20 days after lockdown were calculated. By telephonic contact, we performed validated physical activity and perceived stress questionnaires.

resultsIn children, significantly lower glucose SD (SDglu) (p=0.029) and time below range (TBR)<54 mg/dL (TBR2) (p=0.029) were detected after lockdown. CGM metrics were comparable in teenagers before and during lockdown. After lockdown, adults improved significantly time in range (TIR) 70-180 mg/dL (p<0.001) and remaining metrics, except percent coefficient of variation and TBR2. In adults, considering the changes in SDglu and TIR occurred before and during lockdown, we identified a group with improved TIR and SDglu who performed more physical activity, one with improved glucose variability who was younger than the other patients, and one with worsened glucose variability who showed higher perceived stress than others.

conclusionIn patients with T1D during lockdown, CGM metrics mostly improved in children and adults, whereas it was unchanged in teenagers. In adults, age, physical activity, and perceived stress may be relevant contributing factors.

Indexed as

Communicable Disease ControlCoronavirus InfectionsPandemicsPneumonia, ViralAdolescentAdultBetacoronavirusBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringChildCOVID-19Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1ExerciseFemaleHumansHypoglycemic AgentsBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulindiabetes mellitustype 1

Identifiers

PMID33115820
PMCPMC7594202
OpenAlexW3095872539

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.