Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33115496›Full record

ArticleBMC medical genomics2020

Biomarker discovery in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: RNA sequencing of whole blood in discordant twin and case-controlled cohorts.

Timothy A McCaffrey, Georges St Laurent, Dmitry Shtokalo, Denis Antonets, Yuri Vyatkin, Daniel Jones, Eleanor Battison, Joel T Nigg

Open access · goldAbstract readTwin Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical genomics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Central Med23 deficiency leads to malformation of dentate gyrus and ADHD-like behaviors in mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
    Article
  4. Rare Variant Analyses in Ancestrally Diverse Cohorts Reveal Novel ADHD Risk Genes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
    Article
  5. Review
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  13. Article
  14. Reduced BloodFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021
    Article
  15. Methods to Develop anFrontiers in psychiatry · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Timothy A McCaffreyDivision of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, 2300 Eye St., Washington, DC, 20037, USA. mcc@gwu.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-4648-7833
Georges St LaurentThe St. Laurent Institute, Vancouver, WA, USA.
Dmitry ShtokaloThe St. Laurent Institute, Vancouver, WA, USA.
Denis AntonetsA.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Yuri VyatkinAcademGene, LLC, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Daniel JonesSeqLL, Inc., Woburn, MA, USA.
Eleanor BattisonOregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Joel T NiggOregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Institute of Informatics Problems · RUOregon Health & Science University · USGeorge Washington University · USSt. Laurent Institute · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA variety of DNA-based methods have been applied to identify genetic markers of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the connection to RNA-based gene expression has not been fully exploited.

methodsUsing well defined cohorts of discordant, monozygotic twins from the Michigan State University Twin Registry, and case-controlled ADHD cases in adolescents, the present studies utilized advanced single molecule RNA sequencing to identify expressed changes in whole blood RNA in ADHD. Multiple analytical strategies were employed to narrow differentially expressed RNA targets to a small set of potential biomarkers of ADHD.

resultsRNA markers common to both the discordant twin study and case-controlled subjects further narrowed the putative targets, some of which had been previously associated with ADHD at the DNA level. The potential role of several differentially expressed genes, including ABCB5, RGS2, GAK, GIT1 and 3 members of the galactose metabolism pathway (GALE, GALT, GALK1) are substantiated by prior associations to ADHD and by established mechanistic connections to molecular pathways relevant to ADHD and behavioral control.

conclusionsThe convergence of DNA, RNA, and metabolic data suggests these may be promising targets for diagnostics and therapeutics in ADHD.

Indexed as

Genetic MarkersAdolescentAdultAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityCase-Control StudiesChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesComputational BiologyDiseases in TwinsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSequence Analysis, RNATwinsGenetic MarkersAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)GalactoseGIT1RNA sequencingTranscriptomeTwins

Identifiers

PMID33115496
PMCPMC7594430
OpenAlexW3095819733

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.