ReviewPharmaceutics2020
Pulmonary Delivery of Biological Drugs.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transdermal Iontophoresis Insulin in Laboratory Animals: A Systematic Review.Iranian biomedical journal · 2025Pooled it
- Elarekibep, an inhaled anti-IL-4 receptor alpha Anticalin, in moderate-to-severe asthma: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2a study (APATURA).Respiratory research · 2026Trial
- Integrating in vitro aerosol characterization and cross-species PBPK modeling to predict human lung exposure of inhaled therapeutic proteins.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Nanomaterial Strategies for Pulmonary Delivery of Immunotherapeutics in Lung Cancer Treatment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Comprehensive Evaluation of Storage Stability and Cytotoxicity of Co-Spray-Dried Theophylline Dry Powders for Inhalation: Follow-Up Study.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Structure-Based Adaptation of a SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Peptide to New Virus Variants.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Developmental Progress and Future Potential for Inhaled Biologics in the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases.Drugs · 2026Review
- Pulmonary Drug Delivery in the Era of Nanomedicine: From Biological Barriers to Artificial Intelligence-Driven Optimization.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Therapeutic peptides and proteins: Status and developments in drug delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- A flaxseed oil body-based delivery system integrating calcium overload and lipid peroxidation for immunogenic cell death-driven immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- An LNP antiviral siRNA drug cocktail delivered intranasally is effective against a range of respiratory viruses.Virology journal · 2026Article
- On-demand cancer immunotherapy via single-cell encapsulation of synthetic circuit-engineered cells.Science advances · 2026Article
- Inhalation: A Smart Strategy and Increasing Potential for Drug Delivery.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- A patented portable multifunctional nebulizer for enhanced respiratory drug delivery: an experimental study.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Oncolytic viruses in lung cancer: mechanisms of action and research progress.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Determinants of success and failure of antibody-based strategies against respiratory viruses: insights from RSV and SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Inhaled biologics for respiratory diseases: clinical potential and emerging technologies.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Inhalable Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Inflammatory Lung Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- [Advances in inhalable nano-formulations].Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2025Review
- Solubilising and Aerosolising Cannabidiol Using Methyl β-Cyclodextrin and Human Serum Albumin.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the last decade, biological drugs have rapidly proliferated and have now become an important therapeutic modality. This is because of their high potency, high specificity and desirable safety profile. The majority of biological drugs are peptide- and protein-based therapeutics with poor oral bioavailability. They are normally administered by parenteral injection (with a very few exceptions). Pulmonary delivery is an attractive non-invasive alternative route of administration for local and systemic delivery of biologics with immense potential to treat various diseases, including diabetes, cystic fibrosis, respiratory viral infection and asthma, etc. The massive surface area and extensive vascularisation in the lungs enable rapid absorption and fast onset of action. Despite the benefits of pulmonary delivery, development of inhalable biological drug is a challenging task. There are various anatomical, physiological and immunological barriers that affect the therapeutic efficacy of inhaled formulations. This review assesses the characteristics of biological drugs and the barriers to pulmonary drug delivery. The main challenges in the formulation and inhalation devices are discussed, together with the possible strategies that can be applied to address these challenges. Current clinical developments in inhaled biological drugs for both local and systemic applications are also discussed to provide an insight for further research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.