ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Effect of Tryptophan-Derived AhR Ligands, Kynurenine, Kynurenic Acid and FICZ, on Proliferation, Cell Cycle Regulation and Cell Death of Melanoma Cells-In Vitro Studies.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Distinct protein and metabolic profiles in patients with advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib: a study of the Spanish oncology genitourinary group.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
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- Expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in Osterix-lineage cells regulates adult skeletal homeostasis in a compartment-specific manner.JBMR plus · 2025Article
- Targeting the Kynurenine Pathway: A Novel Approach in Tumor Therapy.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- The Kynurenine Pathway and Indole Pathway in Tryptophan Metabolism Influence Tumor Progression.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
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- Exploring the influence of gut microbiota metabolites on vitiligo through the gut-skin axis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Clofazimine inhibits small-cell lung cancer progression by modulating the kynurenine/aryl hydrocarbon receptor axis.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2024Article
- The Complex World of Kynurenic Acid: Reflections on Biological Issues and Therapeutic Strategy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
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- Nuclear localization of STING1 competes with canonical signaling to activate AHR for commensal and intestinal homeostasis.Immunity · 2023Article
- Altered kynurenine pathway metabolism and association with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus.Amino acids · 2023Article
- The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in immunomodulation and cancer metastasis.Cancer medicine · 2023Review
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- The biological interactions between kynurenine and AhR in melanocytes: in vitro studies.Amino acids · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolites: kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA) and 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) are considered aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands. AhR is mainly expressed in barrier tissues, including skin, and is involved in various physiological and pathological processes in skin. We studied the effect of KYN, KYNA and FICZ on melanocyte and melanoma A375 and RPMI7951 cell toxicity, proliferation and cell death. KYN and FICZ inhibited DNA synthesis in both melanoma cell lines, but RPMI7951 cells were more resistant to pharmacological treatment. Tested compounds were toxic to melanoma cells but not to normal human adult melanocytes. Changes in the protein level of cyclin D1, CDK4 and retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) phosphorylation revealed different mechanisms of action of individual AhR ligands. Importantly, all tryptophan metabolites induced necrosis, but only KYNA and FICZ promoted apoptosis in melanoma A375 cells. This effect was not observed in RPMI7951 cells. KYN, KYNA and FICZ in higher concentrations inhibited the protein level of AhR but did not affect the gene expression. To conclude, despite belonging to the group of AhR ligands, KYN, KYNA and FICZ exerted different effects on proliferation, toxicity and induction of cell death in melanoma cells in vitro.
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