ReviewScandinavian journal of immunology2021
T cell immunobiology and cytokine storm of COVID-19.
Review in Scandinavian journal of immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thymosin alpha1 use in adult COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis on clinical outcomes.International immunopharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Aprotinin treatment against SARS-CoV-2: A randomized phase III study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a pan-protease inhibitor for moderate COVID-19.European journal of clinical investigation · 2022Trial
- Biological Plausibility Between Long-COVID and Periodontal Disease Development or Progression.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicles for Clinical Diagnostics: From Bulk Measurements to Single-Vesicle Analysis.ACS nano · 2025Review
- Maternal Immune Activation: Implications for Congenital Heart Defects.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Longitudinal immune profiling uncovers regulatory T cell signatures associated with the progression of COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Radiological changes in the thymus in patients who have had COVID-19 and in vaccinated persons who have not had COVID-19: a CT study.Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Identification of potential biomarkers and drug of ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 through machine learning.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Current treatment of Psoriasis triggered by Cytokine Storm and future immunomodulation strategies.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- Pulmonary microbial spectrum in late-stage SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case series.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Article
- Multiplex array analysis of circulating cytokines and chemokines in COVID-19 patients during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Milan, Italy.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- The Role of the Nrf2 Pathway in Airway Tissue Damage Due to Viral Respiratory Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- First-episode psychiatric disorder risk from SARS-CoV-2 infection: A clinical analysis with Chinese psychiatric inpatients.Journal of biomedical research · 2024Article
- Plasma Proteins Associated with COVID-19 Severity in Puerto Rico.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Dynamic lymphocyte-CRP ratio as a predictor: a single-centre retrospective study on disease severity and progression in adult COVID-19 patients.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
- Article
- Methyl 2-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoylamino]-3-phenylpropanoate Is a Potent Cell-Permeable Anti-Cytokine Compound To Inhibit Inflammatory Cytokines in Monocyte/Macrophage-Like Cells.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2024Article
- Diversity in the Clinical Course and Outcome of COVID-19 in Patients with Different Inborn Errors of Immunity can be Associated with the Type of Error.Advanced biomedical research · 2024Article
- A Multi-Machine Learning Consensus Model Based on Clinical Features Reveals That Interleukin-10 Derived from Monocytes Leads to a Poor Prognosis in Patients with Coronavirus Disease-2019.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Pneumonia and Cytokine Storm Syndrome.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents as a newly recognized pneumonia and could rapidly progress into acute respiratory distress syndrome which has brought about a global pandemic. Until now, no curative therapy has been strongly recommended for COVID-19 except for personalized supportive care. T cells and virus-specific T cells are essential to protect against virus infection, including COVID-19. Delayed immune reconstitution (IR) and cytokine storm (CS) remain serious obstacles for the cure of COVID-19. Most COVID-19 patients, especially among elderly patients, had marked lymphopenia and increased neutrophils, but T cell counts in severe COVID-19 patients surviving the disease gradually restored later. Elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6, IL-10, IL-2 and IL-17, and exhausted T cells are found in peripheral blood and the lungs. It suggests that Thymosin α1 and adoptive COVID-19-specific T cells could improve IR, while convalescent plasma, IL-6 blockade, mesenchymal stem cells and corticosteroids could suppress CS. More clinical studies in this field worldwide are urgently warranted to pave the way for therapy of COVID-19 in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.