ArticlePhotochemistry and photobiology2021
Painless Photodynamic Therapy Triggers Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in a Murine Model of UV-induced Squamous Skin Pre-cancer.
Article in Photochemistry and photobiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Painless PDT using 10% aminolevulinate gel and red light: A pilot clinical trial of short-contact protocols to reduce discomfort during illumination.Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy · 2025Trial
- Photodynamic priming with Vitamin D and ALA-based PDT induces intratumoral immune cell recruitment and signaling pathway activation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Photodynamic priming with Vitamin D and ALA-based PDT induces intratumoral immune cell recruitment and signaling pathway activation in murine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Fine-Tuning Photochemical Immunogenic Cell Death by a Panel of Verteporfin-Lipid Nanoparticles: A Data-Driven Approach.Small science · 2025Article
- Photodynamic Therapy and Adaptive Immunity Induced by Reactive Oxygen Species: Recent Reports.Cancers · 2024Review
- Painless photodynamic therapy for facial actinic keratoses: A retrospective cohort study of the post-treatment inflammatory response.Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy · 2024Article
- Combination of vitamin D and photodynamic therapy enhances immune responses in murine models of squamous cell skin cancer.Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy · 2024Article
- Combination of 5-Fluorouracil with Photodynamic Therapy: Enhancement of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in a Murine Model of Actinic KeratosisPhotochemistry and photobiology · 2023Review
- Article
- Review
- Significant improvement of facial actinic keratoses after blue light photodynamic therapy with oral vitamin D pretreatment: An interventional cohort-controlled trial.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2022Article
- Photodynamic priming with triple-receptor targeted nanoconjugates that trigger T cell-mediated immune responses in a 3DNanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Article
- Current Prospects for Treatment of Solid Tumors via Photodynamic, Photothermal, or Ionizing Radiation Therapies Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition (A Review).Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- A single photodynamic priming protocol augments delivery of ⍺-PD-L1 mAbs and induces immunogenic cell death in head and neck tumors.Photochemistry and photobiologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Painless photodynamic therapy (p-PDT), which involves application of photosensitizer and immediate exposure to light to treat actinic keratosis (AK) in patients, causes negligible pain on the day of treatment but leads to delayed inflammation and effective lesion clearance (Kaw et al., J Am Acad Dermatol 2020). To better understand how p-PDT works, hairless mice with UV-induced AK were treated with p-PDT and monitored for 2 weeks. Lesion clearance after p-PDT was similar to clearance after conventional PDT (c-PDT). However, lesion biopsies showed minimal cell death and less production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in p-PDT treated than in c-PDT-treated lesions. Interestingly, p-PDT triggered vigorous recruitment of immune cells associated with innate immunity. Neutrophils (Ly6G+) and macrophages (F4/80+) appeared at 4 h and peaked at 24 h after p-PDT. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including calreticulin, HMGB1, and HSP70, were expressed at maximum levels around 24 h post-p-PDT. Total T cells (CD3+) were increased at 24 h, whereas large increases in cytotoxic (CD8+) and regulatory (Foxp3+) T cells were observed at 1 and 2 weeks post-p-PDT. In summary, the ability of p-PDT to eliminate AK lesions, despite very little overt cellular damage, appears to involve stimulation of a local immune response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.