ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2021
Healthcare Costs of Pediatric Autism Spectrum Disorder in the United States, 2003-2015.
Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cost and economic burden associated with caring for children with Down syndrome: a systematic review.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Pooled it
- Contributing factors to healthcare costs in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2022Pooled it
- Alteration of peripheral cortisol and autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- The potential cost-effectiveness of novel cord blood therapies in children with autism spectrum disorder.PloS one · 2023Trial
- Parent Perspectives on Water Safety for Children with Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Autism Spectrum Disorder and Life Expectancy Among Medicaid Beneficiaries.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Quality of Life and Societal Cost in Autistic Children: An Exploratory Comparative Study Pre- and Post-Diagnosis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Beyond challenging behaviors, sleep maintenance problems in autistic youth at the time of hospitalization are associated with increased caregiver strain.Sleep medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence of ASD, ADHD and co-occurring conditions among children and adolescents in the Faroe Islands, 2004-2022: a nationwide register-based study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- AI-supported early autism identification as public health infrastructure: economic implications for the United States using a scenario-based economic model.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Health Care Encounters and Expenditures Among Children With Diagnosed Tic Disorders and Co-Occurring Disorders, 2022.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Leveraging AI-Driven Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Early Detection and Social Function Prediction in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Autism and Medical Complexity Among Children in the United States.Pediatrics · 2025Article
- Short report on navigating access to care for Medicaid-enrolled autistic youth and young adults: Examining accrual of intellectual disability diagnoses in adolescence.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2024Article
- Economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on families of children with autism and other developmental disabilities.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Vasopressin as Possible Treatment Option in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Increased delay from initial concern to diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and associated health care resource utilization and cost among children aged younger than 6 years in the United States.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2023Observational
- Lifetime medical costs attributable to sickle cell disease among nonelderly individuals with commercial insurance.Blood advances · 2023Article
- Service dogs for autistic children and family system functioning: a constant comparative analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Heterogeneity in Autism Spectrum Disorder Case-Finding Algorithms in United States Health Administrative Database Analyses.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Published healthcare cost estimates for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) vary widely. One possible contributor is different methods of case ascertainment. In this study, ASD case status was determined using two sources of parent reports among 45,944 children ages 3-17 years in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) linked to the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Sample Child Core questionnaire. In a two-part regression model, the incremental annual per-child cost of ASD relative to no ASD diagnosis was $3930 (2018 US dollars) using ASD case status from the NHIS Child Core and $5621 using current-year ASD case status from MEPS. Both estimates are lower than some published estimates but still represent substantial costs to the US healthcare system.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.