Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33113082›Full record

ArticleQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation2021

A validation study of the CarerQol instrument in informal caregivers of people with dementia from eight European countries.

Daphne C Voormolen, Job van Exel, Werner Brouwer, Anders Sköldunger, Manuel Gonçalves-Pereira, Kate Irving, Anja Bieber, Geir Selbaek, Bob Woods, Orazio Zanetti and 4 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readMulticenter StudyValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Psychometrics, diagnostics and usability of Italian tools assessing behavioural and functional outcomes in neurological, geriatric and psychiatric disorders: a systematic review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Humanistic and economic burden among caregivers of adults and children with transfusion dependent β-thalassemia: a mixed-methods study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Effect of caregiver burden on the quality of life of informal caregivers of people with cystic fibrosis in the United Kingdom: a cross-sectional study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
    Article
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  10. Review
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  14. Outcome measures for Alzheimer's disease: A global inter-societal Delphi consensus.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 11 institutions in 8 countries.

Daphne C VoormolenDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. d.voormolen@erasmusmc.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-0708
Job van ExelErasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Werner BrouwerErasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Anders SköldungerDept for Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Manuel Gonçalves-PereiraComprehensive Health Research Centre/CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Kate IrvingSchool of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
Anja BieberMedical Faculty, Institute for Health and Nursing Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
Geir SelbaekNorwegian National Advisory Unit On Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.
Bob WoodsDementia Services Development Centre Wales (DSDC), Bangor University, Bangor, UK.
Orazio ZanettiIRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
Frans VerheyAlzheimer Center Limburg, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Anders WimoDept for Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Ron L H HandelsDept for Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Div of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Actifcare Consortium
Erasmus University Rotterdam · NLKarolinska Institutet · SEBangor University · GBCentro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli · ITDublin City University · IEErasmus MC · NLMaastricht University · NLMartin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg · DEOslo University Hospital · NOUniversidade Nova de Lisboa · PTUppsala University · SE

Funding

JPND FCT-JPND-HC/0001/2012
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeInformal care constitutes an important part of the total care for people with dementia. Therefore, the impact of the syndrome on their caregivers as well as that of health and social care services for people with dementia should be considered. This study investigated the convergent and clinical validity of the CarerQol instrument, which measures and values the impact of providing informal care, in a multi-country sample of caregivers for people with dementia.

methodsCross-sectional data from a sample of 451 respondents in eight European countries, collected by the Actifcare project, were evaluated. Convergent validity was analysed with Spearman's correlation coefficients and multivariate correlations between the CarerQol-7D utility score and dimension scores, and other similar quality of life measures such as CarerQol-VAS, ICECAP-O, and EQ-5D. Clinical validity was evaluated by bivariate and multivariate analyses of the degree to which the CarerQol instrument can differentiate between characteristics of caregivers, care receivers and caregiving situation. Country dummies were added to test CarerQol score differences between countries.

resultsThe mean CarerQol utility score was 77.6 and varied across countries from 74.3 (Italy) to 82.3 (Norway). The scores showed moderate to strong positive correlations with the CarerQol-VAS, ICECAP-O, and EQ-5D health problems score of the caregiver. Multivariate regression analysis showed that various characteristics of the caregiver, care receiver and caregiving situation were associated with caregiver outcomes, but there was no evidence of a country-level effect.

conclusionThis study demonstrates the convergent and clinical validity of the CarerQol instrument to evaluate the impact of providing informal care for people with dementia.

Indexed as

AgedCaregiversCross-Sectional StudiesDementiaEuropeFemaleHumansMaleQuality of LifeSurveys and QuestionnairesCarerQol instrumentConstruct validityDementiaInformal care

Identifiers

PMID33113082
PMCPMC7886819
OpenAlexW3096609631

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.